Fiber optic sensing hloov ib tug zoo tib yam optical fiber mus rau hauv ib tug ntev, nruam sensor. Hloov chaw tsuas yog nqa cov ntaub ntawv, cov fiber ntau nqa lub teeb uas nws cov khoom hloov pauv thaum kub, lim, siab, lossis kev co ua rau ntawm lub cable. Los ntawm kev nyeem cov kev hloov pauv no, lub kaw lus pom tau tuaj yeem tshaj tawm tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim - thiab feem ntau raws nraimqhov twgnws tshwm sim - nyob deb ntawm ob peb meters mus rau kaum kilometers. Cov lus qhia no taug kev los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm li cas ib kauj ruam, peb hom tseem ceeb thiab lawv txawv li cas, txhua qhov haum, thiab cov kev txwv tsim nyog npaj nyob ib puag ncig.
Dab tsi yog Fiber Optic Sensing Technology?
Fiber optic sensing yog ib txoj kev ntsuas uas siv cov fiber ntau optical nws tus kheej ua lub ntsiab lus. Lub teeb qhov chaw tso lub teeb rau hauv fiber ntau; Raws li lub teeb mus, cov xwm txheej sab nraud hloov pauv nws qhov kev siv zog, wavelength, theem, polarization, lossis txoj kev nws tawg hauv lub khob. Ib qho cuab yeej ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov fiber ntau nyeem cov kev hloov pauv thiab hloov mus rau hauv kev ntsuas lub cev xws li kub, lim, lossis kev co.
Vim tias qhov taw tes pom tau yog ua los ntawm iav thiab nqa tsis muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no, fiber ntau optic sensing yog tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev xa mus rau hauv qhov chaw tawg lossis tshuaj lom neeg ua phem - cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kav dej, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov, thiab cov txuas hniav uas cov hluav taws xob sensors tawm tsam. Tib fiber ntau tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li ob qho tib si sensor thiab lub teeb liab txoj kev, uas ua rau cov khoom siv kho vajtse yooj yim. Cov fiber ntau feem ntau yog tus qauvib leeg - hom optical fiberrau strain, acoustic, thiab Brillouin systems, thaum kub - tsuas yog Raman systems feem ntau khiav ntawm multimode fiber ntau.
Fiber Optic Sensing Technology ua haujlwm li cas?
Txhua qhov fiber ntau optic sensing system ua raws tib txoj saw: xa lub teeb rau hauv, cia ib puag ncig hloov nws, nyeem lub teeb uas rov qab los, thiab txhais cov kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov ntsuas. Nov yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm txhua theem.
1. Lub teeb mus los ntawm Fiber
Lub laser lossis broadband qhov chaw xa tawm lub teeb - feem ntau yog cov luv luv pulses - mus rau hauv cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau, qhov twg tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv ua rau nws coj raws li qhov ntev ntawm lub cable. Nyob rau hauv ib tug sensing system no lub teeb yog lub sojntsuam: txhua yam uas cuam tshuam nws ntawm txoj kev dhau los ua ntaub ntawv.
2. Ib puag ncig hloov lub teeb
Thaum kub, lim, siab, lossis kev vibration ua rau ntawm ib feem ntawm fiber ntau, nws hloov pauv me ntsis iav - nws qhov ntev, nws qhov ntsuas qhov taw qhia, lossis qhov sib nrug ntawm cov qauv sab hauv. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev me me hloov ib lossis ntau lub zog ntawm lub teeb: nws lub wavelength, kev siv zog, theem, polarization, lossis qhov spectrum ntawm feem uas tawg rov qab. Qhov loj ntawm kev hloov pauv yog proportional rau lub zog ntawm cov nyhuv sab nraud, uas yog qhov ua rau kev ntsuas ntsuas tau.
3. Lub teeb pom kev los yog tawg rov qab
Ib feem ntawm lub teeb rov qab mus rau qhov chaw. Hauv qee qhov sensors nws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txhob txwm ua qauv sau rau hauv fiber ntau, xws li fiber ntau Bragg grating. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem faib cov iav nws tus kheej cuam tshuam cov kwj ntawm lub teeb rov qab raws tag nrho cov fiber ntau uas tsis muaj cov khoom ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub teeb rov qab yog tus ntiv tes ntawm txhua yam ua rau ntawm fiber ntau.
4. Tus neeg nug ntawv nyeem thiab nrhiav lub teeb liab
Ib qho cuab yeej hu ua interrogator (los yog demodulator) ntsuas lub teeb rov qab. Rau cov tshuab faib nws kuj siv sij hawm ntev npaum li cas lub teeb yuav rov qab los - tib lub tswv yim raws li lub sij hawm kho qhov muag -domain reflectometer (OTDR). Vim hais tias qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv fiber yog paub, lub round -trip lub sij hawm pinpoints qhov chaw ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cable. Tus interrogator tom qab ntawd hloov qhov kev hloov kho qhov muag mus rau hauv qhov ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub, lim, lossis vibration, nrog rau txoj haujlwm txuas.
Lub teeb nkag mus, ib puag ncig tso nws lub cim rau ntawm lub teeb ntawd, lub teeb rov qab los, thiab tus neeg nug hloov pauv qhov hloov pauv - thiab qhov twg nws tshwm sim - rau hauv qhov ntsuas.
Main Hom Fiber Optic Sensing Technologies
Fiber optic sensing feem ntau yog muab faib ua peb tsev neeg raws li pes tsawg lub ntsiab lus raws li fiber ntau tuaj yeem ntsuas thiab qhov kev hnov mob li cas.
Point Fiber Optic Sensing
Lub point sensor ntsuas ib qho chaw. Lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb teb rau ib qho parameter - kub, siab, lossis acceleration, piv txwv li - thiab tus qauv tsim yog qhov yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis.
Qhov piv txwv tshaj plaws yog qhovFiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Lub grating yog ib qho kev hloov pauv raws sijhawm nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau, tsim los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov tub ntxhais mus rau ib qho kev cuam tshuam ultraviolet. Lub grating qhia txog ib lub wavelength tshwj xeeb - Bragg wavelength - thiab cia tus so dhau mus. Thaum strain stretches lub grating los yog tshav kub expands nws, qhov sib txawv hloov thiab lub reflected wavelength hloov; tus interrogator nyeem qhov hloov thiab hloov nws mus rau ib tug nqi. Nyob ze ntawm 1550 nm wavelength, qhov cuam tshuam wavelength ntawm ib txwm FBG txav ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib picometre ib microstrain ntawm stretch thiab ob peb picometres ib℃Celsius ntawm cua sov. Kev tshawb fawb thiab aerospace cov kev pab cuam tau qhia qhov kev xav ntawm ob qho tib si hauv kev nthuav dav, suav nrogNASA kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm embedded FBG strain sensorsntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lwm qhov taw tes sensors suav nrog laser gyroscopes thiabfiber ntau - optic magnetic teb sensorsrau kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb.
Quasi-Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing
Ib qho quasi -distributed system txuas ntau lub ntsiab lus sensors nyob rau hauv series raws ib fiber ntau - piv txwv li, ib txoj hlua ntawm FBGs, txhua qhov cuam tshuam qhov sib txawv me ntsis wavelength yog li tus neeg nug tuaj yeem qhia lawv sib nrug. Ib qho fiber ntau tuaj yeem tshaj tawm qhov kub, kev vibration, siab, lossis lim ntawm ntau qhov chaw sib cais ib zaug. Kev lag luam tawm - tawm yog tsim rau hauv physics: tus naj npawb ntawm cov sensors ntawm ib qho fiber ntau yog txwv los ntawm qhov chaw bandwidth thiab lub qhov rais wavelength txhua grating tuaj yeem nyob, thiab cov fiber ntau tsis hnov tsw nyob hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom. Lwm yam fiber ntau-grating txoj hauv kev, xws lintev -lub sij hawm grating sensing systems, ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo sib xws nrog cov cwj pwm sib txawv.
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing
Ib qho kev faib tawm siv cov liab qab fiber ntau ua ib qho kev sib txuas txuas ntxiv, tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm txhua qhov. Nws tso siab rau lub teeb uas tawg ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub khob thiab nyeem seb lub teeb tawg ntawm lub teeb hloov mus rau qhov ntev. Peblub teeb -scattering mechanismsyog siv, txhua tus haum rau txawv parameters:
- Rayleigh tawgyog cov txheej txheem elastic uas tsis hloov lub teeb zaus. Nws yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm peb thiab lub hauv paus ntawm kev faib acoustic thiab vibration sensing (DAS/DVS), qhov twg ceev, ib zaug - txhaj tshuaj ntsuas taug qab dynamic strain xws li suab thiab kev co.
- Raman tawgtsim lub teeb uas nws siv yog qhov kub thiab txias, uas ua rau nws lub hauv paus ntawm faib qhov kub thiab txias (DTS).
- Brillouin tawgHloov nyob rau hauv zaus nrog ob qho tib si lim thiab kub, yog li nws underpins faib strain thiab kub sensing nyob rau hauv ntev mus.
Vim tias lub kaw lus ntsuas tag nrho cov fiber ntau es tsis yog cov ntsiab lus ruaj khov, ib lub cable tuaj yeem xa ntau txhiab qhov kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj kaum mais. Qhov kev pab them nqi ntawd yog vim li cas qhov kev faib tawm tau loj hlob sai sai rau ntev, cov cuab tam linear qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim txhua qhov chaw.
Point vs Quasi-Distributed vs Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing
Peb tsev neeg teb cov lus nug sib txawv. Point sensing nug "dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw no?"; quasi-distributed nug "dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm cov chaw paub no?"; faib nug "dab tsi tshwm sim nyob qhov twg raws txoj kev no?" Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo.
| Yam | Point sensing | Quasi- faib | Muab faib |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kev ntsuas ntsuas | Ib qhov chaw ruaj khov | Ntau cov ntsiab lus tsis sib xws ntawm ib qho fiber ntau | Nruam raws tag nrho cov fiber ntau |
| Nws hnov li cas | Ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb (xws li FBG) | Ib qho array ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv series | Natural scattering nyob rau hauv liab qab fiber |
| Hom ncav cuag | Hauv zos / luv | Txog li ob peb kilometers | Kaum kilometers |
| Zoo tshaj - siv tau zoo | Precise ib zaug -point kub, lim, los yog siab | Multi-point lim thiab kub ntawm ib tug qauv | Kub (DTS), vibration / acoustic (DAS), strain (Brillouin) |
| Lub zog tseem ceeb | Yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj nqi, siab precision ntawm ib qho chaw | Ntau cov ntsiab lus paub tau txais los ntawm ib qho fiber ntau | Kev pab them nqi tag nrho tsis muaj qhov muag tsis pom kev |
| Kev txwv loj | Nyeem ib qhov chaw xwb | Tsawg sensor suav; qhov muag tsis pom ntawm cov khoom | Kev daws teeb meem spatial, ntau yam, thiab tus lej ntsuas yuav tsum sib npaug |
Common Applications ntawm Fiber Optic Sensing
- Pipeline saib xyuas thiab nrhiav kom pom qhov xau.Ib lub fiber ntau tso rau hauv cov roj, roj, lossis cov kav dej tuaj yeem chij qhov xau raws li qhov ntsuas kub hauv cheeb tsam (DTS) thiab kuaj pom kev khawb lossis qhov thib peb - tog cuam tshuam raws li kev vibration kos npe (DAS) - ib qho raug ntau dua li lo lus xoob "roj thiab roj" qee zaum siv rau qhov kev siv no.
- Perimeter thiab ciam teb ruaj ntseg.Distributed vibration sensing detects and classifies footsteps, tsheb, nce toj, los yog khawb nyob rau hauv ib tug laj kab kab los yog faus txoj kev, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawmfiber ntau -optic perimeter intrusion detection.
- Fais fab cable thiab daim phiaj saib xyuas.DTS taug qab qhov kub ntawm high -voltage cables los tswj kev thauj khoom thiab pom qhov kub kub; rau keeb kwm yav dhau los saib lub ntsiab lus ntawm nofaib ntsuas kub.
- Tunnel thiab lub tsev nrhiav hluav taws.Kev ntsuas kub tsis tu ncua ua rau lub tswb nrov ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub, ua ntej ib qho - point detector yuav teb.
- Kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv.FBGs thiab faib strain sensing ntsuas load, deflection, thiab cracking nyob rau hauv txuas hniav, dams, tunnels, thiab loj composite lug nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev pab cuam lub neej.
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Qhov zoo thiab qhov txwv ntawm Fiber Optic Sensing
Zoo li txhua yam kev ntsuas tshuab, fiber ntau optic sensing yog qhov haum rau qee qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lwm tus. Kev teeb tsa ob sab tawm yooj yim ua rau kev xaiv yooj yim dua.
Qhov twg nws excels:
- Kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam rau electromagnetic cuam tshuam, txij li qhov ntsuas qhov taw tes yog cov iav passive uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob hauv thaj teb.
- Muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv qhov chaw tawg lossis corrosive qhov chaw hluav taws xob sensors muaj kev pheej hmoo.
- Ib lub cable tuaj yeem hloov ntau pua ntawm cov khoom sib cais thiab lawv cov xov hlau, thiab nws ua ob npaug raws li cov ntaub ntawv.
- Cov tshuab xa tawm muab kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv nrog qhov chaw, tsis yog kev nyeem ntawv cais xwb.
Qhov twg nws muaj kev txwv:
- Tus neeg nug yog tus nqi kim, yog li luv luv ib zaug -cov haujlwm taw qhia feem ntau pheej yig dua nrog cov pa sensors.
- "High raug" yog conditional. Rau kev faib tshuab, kev daws teeb meem spatial, kev paub ntau yam, thiab cov qauv piv txwv pauv tawm ib leeg, thiab "distributed" tsis txhais tau tias tsis muaj kev txwv.
- Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb yog nyob ntawm txoj kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas, yuav ua li cas cov kab txuas thiab txuas mus rau cov qauv, tus lej ntsuas, tus neeg nug, thiab kev txheeb xyuas algorithm.
- Kev tsim, kev teeb tsa, thiab kev txhais lus xav tau cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Txoj Kev Zoo Fiber Optic Sensing
Pib los ntawm cov lus nug uas koj xav tau teb tiag tiag, ces muab tso rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev:
- Ib qho tseem ceeb point, ntsuas precisely- taw tes sensor xws li FBG.
- Ib tug puv tes ntawm qhov chaw paub nyob rau hauv ib tug qauv- quasi - faib FBG array.
- Txoj kev ntev uas muaj teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob qhov twg- ib qho kev faib tawm: DTS rau qhov kub thiab txias, DAS / DVS rau kev co thiab nkag, Brillouin rau strain.
Thaum txoj kev pom tseeb, sib piv cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb ua ntej koj yuav: qhov xav tau ntau yam, kev daws teeb meem spatial, ntsuas zaus (tus nqi piv txwv), txoj hauv kev cable thiab yuav kho li cas rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam, thiab tus neeg nug kev sib raug zoo nrog cov fiber ntau thiab cov sensors koj npaj yuav xa mus.
FAQ
Q: Qhov txawv ntawm DAS thiab DTS yog dab tsi?
A: DAS (distributed acoustic sensing) siv Rayleigh scattering los xyuas cov xwm txheej zoo li kev vibration thiab suab, thaum DTS (distributed temperature sensing) siv Raman scattering los ntsuas qhov kub ntawm cov fiber ntau. Lawv teb cov lus nug sib txawv - txav mus rau qhov kub ntawm - thiab qee zaum ua ke ntawm tib txoj kev. Qhov txawv yog teev nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev faib acoustic sensing.
Q: Yuav Ua Li Cas Yog Qhov Chaw Qhia Los Ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb?
A: Qhov chaw yog muab los ntawm lub teeb lub voj voog - lub sijhawm mus ncig, zoo ib yam li OTDR. Qhov kev daws teeb meem ua tiav yog nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim thiab feem ntau ua lag luam tawm tsam qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas tus nqi, yog li txoj kev ntev dua lossis kev ntsuas nrawm dua yuav txhais tau tias coarser spatial daws teeb meem.
Q: Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv Standard Telecom Fiber Rau Kev Pom Zoo?
A: Feem ntau, yog. Ntau lub tshuab faib thiab FBG khiav ntawm tus qauv ib zaug - hom fiber ntau, thiab Raman kub tshuab feem ntau siv ntau hom fiber ntau. Qee qhov xav tau kev xa tawm siv cov fibers tshwj xeeb lossis txheej txheej, tab sis cov khoom siv fiber ntau yog qhov pib pib.
Q: Ntev npaum li cas Fiber Optic Sensing ncav cuag?
A: Point thiab quasi- faib cov tshuab feem ntau npog thaj tsam li ob peb mais deb, thaum cov tshuab faib feem ntau ncav cuag kaum mais ntawm ib tus neeg nug, nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov peev nyiaj poob.
Q: Puas yog Fiber Optic Sensing zoo dua li hluav taws xob Sensors?
A: Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau lub sijhawm ntev, hluav taws xob tsis zoo, muaj kev phom sij, lossis nyuaj - mus rau - mus txog cov khoom muaj nqis, qhov twg nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua yog txiav txim siab. Rau ib qho chaw nkag tau yooj yim uas tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog hluav taws xob, cov pa sensor tuaj yeem yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua. Txoj kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm cov cuab tam thiab cov parameter koj xav tau.