Yuav FTTX FTTH txhim kho Internet ceev?
Peb lub hlis tom qab kev txhim kho "1 Gbps" Fiber ntau, kuv tus phooj ywg hu ua, ntxhov siab. Nws qhov kev kuaj nrawm tau pom 180 Mbps. Tus kws tshaj lij ua nws lub router. Tus iSP cem "Network congestion." Lub caij no, tus neeg zej zog nrog tib FTTX txuas tau xuv 940 MBPS xwm yeem.
Qhov no tsis tshua muaj. Thaum FTH cov tes hauj lwm muab theoretical kev ceev txog li 10 gbps, ntau cov neeg siv kev paub tsuas yog 80 {}} 90% ntawm lawv cov nqi tshaj tawm-thiab qee qhov pom tsawg dua. Lo lus nug tsis yog tias FTTX fiber ntau dua tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ceev thev naus laus zis (nws kiag li tuaj yeem), tab sis seb koj tus ftth xa tawm yuav ua tau li cas xa dab tsi koj them rau.
Nov yog qhov tsis muaj leej twg qhia koj upfront: "H" hauv ftth teeb meem loj heev. Tab sis yog li ua txhua yam ntawm cov chav fiber ntau thiab koj lub laptop screen.
Fiber ntau Hierarchy: qhov twg koj cov cable yeej xaus
Tsis yog txhua yam kev siv hluav taws xob fiber ntau yog tsim sib npaug. Tus xov tooj kev lag luam siv "FTTX" (Fiber rau X) los piav txog qhov uas muaj cov kab ke fiber ntau ua ntej mus txog koj. Tias zaum kawg "x" txiav txim siab koj lub qab nthab ceev ceev.
Cov kev ua tau zoo (zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov phem tshaj plaws):
Ftth (Fiber rau hauv tsev){{0- Cov tshuaj ntshiab ntshiab khiav ncaj qha rau koj qhov chaw nyob. Cov kev pabcuam FTTH tam sim no muaj cov kev rub tawm kev rub tawm thiab upload ceev ntawm2+ gbps, nrog theoretical ntau tshaj plaws mus txog 10 {4 {4 4 {} pa technology. Nov yog tus qauv kub.
Fttb (fiber ntau rau lub tsev)-} fiber ntau ncav cuag koj lub tsev, ces hloov mus rau eternet cabling rau ib leeg. Cov neeg siv feem ntau txhawb nqa hluav taws xob nrawm txog 100 MBPs vim yog lub tooj liab kawg. Haum rau cov tsev nyob rau qhov twg fiber lo lus hauv qab daus.
FTTC (Fiber rau ntawm txoj hlua / Txee){{0- nres tsheb ntawm txoj kev txee nyob ze koj lub zej zog. Ntu kawg siv cov tooj liab lossis coaxial cables. Kev ua tau zoo degrades raws li deb ntawm lub txee ntawd.
FTTN (Fiber rau ntawm)- Qhov phem tshaj ntawm cov pawg. Cov fiber ntau ntawm cov node muaj peev xwm mus txog ib mais deb, nrog tooj liab cable ua tiav qhov txuas. Qhov deb tsim cov teeb liab tsis muaj teeb meem-}} yog koj lub tsev ntau dua 400 metres los ntawm node, koj qhov kev sib txuas yuav tsis ua tiav nbn nrawm.
Ntawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb: tsis tuaj yeem nqa bandwidth lossis xa cov cim qhia ntawm qhov nrawm thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm fiber ntau optics deb. Qhov hloov pauv ntawd los ntawm cov fiber ntau mus rau tooj liab yog qhov khiav ceev.
400-meter txoj cai
Xav txog nws zoo li dej siab hauv cov kav dej. FTTN yog zoo li nqus dej los ntawm kev tua hluav taws los ntawm kev tua hluav taws, tom qab ntawd yuam nws los ntawm lub vaj hose rau qhov kawg ncab rau koj lub tsev. Ntev lub vaj hose sieem, tus qaug zog koj lub siab (ceev).
Kuv txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ua yeeb yam los ntawm Australian NBN cov khoom siv: Tsev tsis pub dhau 100 metres ntawm FTTN cov btnt nruab nrab 87 MBPS. Ntawm 300 metres? 61 Mbps. Tshaj li 400 metres, ceev tau tsoo rau 40 -}}}}} Txawm hais tias "100 MBPS". Nrog ftth, nrug deb ntawm koj lub tsev mus rau hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm cov teeb meem-cov fiber ntau cov teeb tsa kev ncaj ncees ntau tshaj kaum tawm ntawm kilometers.
Vim li cas koj FTHTH tsis yog ntaus kev tshaj tawm tshaj tawm
Koj them rau 1 Gbps. Koj tau txais 200 MBPS. Ua ntej koj tau liam koj ISP, nkag siab txog qhov no: Rub tawm thiab upload kev nrawm yuav tsum yog li 80-90% ntawm koj ISP tus lej tshaj tawm. Yog tias koj pom tsawg dua, qhov teeb meem ntau hides hauv koj lub tsev network.
Tsib Lub Thawv Rho Nyiaj
Taw tes 1: Cov ONT (Optical Network Terminal)
Cov cuab yeej no hloov cov teeb liab rau cov cim hluav taws xob ntawm koj lub tsev qhov taw tes nkag. Overheating onts nruab rau hauv cov txee kaw yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Xeev California tsev neeg kuv tau ua haujlwm nrog pom nrawm dhia ntawm 150 MBP rau 900 Mbps yooj yim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm phab ntsa mount nrog kom muaj airflow.
Cov chij liab koj OTT yog kev tawm tsam:
Ntaus ntawv xav tias kub kov
Ceevfaves thaum peak teev (yav tsaus ntuj)
Sib tw sib txawv
Taw tes 2: Router muaj peev xwm
Tsoos routers txhawb ftth -}}}}}}}} thev naus laus zis tawm. Koj tsib - xyoo {}}}} Lub cev egernet nrog 100 mbps Ethernet portically, txawm tias koj muaj fiber ntau.
Lub siab phem tseeb: router tuam ntxhab manufacturers npuaj "lossis" Ax6000 "ntawm cov thawv, tab sis cov naj npawb xa mus rau theoretical ua ke wifi ceev thoob plaws txhua bands. Cov chaw nres nkoj ethernet tiag tiag tuaj yeem ua rau 100 Mbps (ib txwm muaj kev sim ua ntej 2018).
Xyuas koj lub router WAN Portification specification. Nws yuav tsum txhawb nqa Efernet Ethernet (1000 MBPS) los tuav FTTH CEEV. Txawm tias zoo dua: Saib rau 2.5 Gbps lossis 10 GBPS chaw nres nkoj rau xgs - pon sib txuas.
Point 3: Ethernet Cable Zoo
Cat5 Ethernet Cables tsis pom zoo rau FTTH cov kev pabcuam. Lub sij hawm. Siv Cat6 lossis CATSE CABLE, ua kom lawv zoo nyob rau hauv.
Ntawm no yog dab tsi tshwm sim thaum kuv sim plaub Cable hom rau tib 1 gbps kev twb kev txuas:
Cat5 (cov lus qub): 94 Mbps siab tshaj plaws
Cat5E: 940 Mbps
Cat6: 940 Mbps
Cat6A: 940 MBPS (Tab sis ntawm 10 GBPS rau yav tom ntej - ua pov thawj)
Zaj lus qhia: Qhov kev txawj txhais tau muab koj pom hauv lub tub rau khoom? Nws yog tej zaum choking koj cov fiber ntau sib txuas.
Point 4: WiFi congestion
Ntau lub hauv internet {{{-} Cov cuab yeej sib txuas hauv koj lub tsev wireless sib kis tau raws, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog Internet ceev.
Koj lub smartphone yuav qhia "muab txuas nrog WiFi," tab sis qhov ntawd tsis txhais tau tias nws tau txais koj cov fiber ntau. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob nruab nrab nrog lub zog zoo li smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj thiab lub khoos phis tawm tsis tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem fiber ntau- ceev cov ntaub ntawv hauv internet ceev. Ib 2019 Laptop nrog WiFi 5 (802.1C) saum tawm ntawm ib ncig ntawm 600 {} 800 Mbps nyob rau hauv cov kev mob zoo tagnrho. Kev ua tau tiag tiag-ntiaj teb kev ua haujlwm nrog phab ntsa thiab cuam tshuam? Feem ntau 200-400 Mbps.
Lub caij no, sib koom bandwidth txhais tau tias yog tias koj cov neeg zej zog tau tawm cov rooj sib tham, qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam internet ceev nyob rau hauv koj thaj chaw - txawm nrog fiber ntau.
POINT 5: Ntaus cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm
Nov yog tus tua neeg uas ntsiag to. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob nruab nrab tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm fiber ntau- Cov koos pij tawj ceev, thaum tshiab tshiab ram tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom siv nrawm ntawm qib siab.
Ntsuam xyuas cov ntsiab cai no, Kuv tau siv ceev ceev ntawm tsib yam txuas nrog ntawm Ethernet mus rau tib 1 Gbps FTH kab:
2016 Laptop (4GB RAM, daim npav qub network): 180 MBPS
2020 laptop (8GB RAM): 520 MBPS
2023 laptop (16GB RAM): 940 Mbps
Gaming PC (32GB Ram, Zoo Nic): 940 MBPS
Raspberry Pi 4: 320 Mbps (CPU Bottlenac Ciaj teb txawm hais tias chaw nres nkoj ntawm tus)
Cov khoom kho hauv koj lub ntaus ntawv muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cov cable mus rau hauv koj phab ntsa.
Lub Pon Technology Factor: Vim li cas qee qhov FTH yog sai dua
Txhua tus ftth tsis yog txheej txheem sib npaug. Lub underlying passive kho qhov muag network (PON) txiav txim siab koj lub qab nthab ceev.
Gon (gigabit passive kho qhov muag network)- Tus Qauv Tam Sim No. Xa 2.5 Gbps ntws los thiab 1.25 GBPS ntws los, sib qhia nyob rau 32 cov neeg siv khoom ntawm ib fiber ntau strand ntawm optical splitting. Koj qhov kev faib tawm tiag tiag nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob ze ntawm koj splitter.
Xgs - pa (10-gigabab symmetrical symmetrical pon){{0- Ua rau khaws cia thiab upload kev nrawm txog 10 Gbps. Qhov no yog qhov twg fiber nce mus txog nws lub peev xwm tam sim no, muab cov khoom siv nrawm uas ua huab thaub qab thiab yees duab upload sai li rub tawm.
Ng {- pon2 thiab 25g pon{{0 {{}} Tam sim no tau sim hauv North America thiab Europe. Cov no sawv cev rau ntug ntug, npaj tes hauj lwm rau 2030s bandwidth xav tau.
Here's the catch: In contrast to FTTH's symmetrical 2+ Gbps speeds, cable DOCSIS 3.1 enables up to 1 Gbps downloads but only 35-50 Mbps uploads. Tias 20: 1 asymmetry ua cov cable txaus ntshai rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, huab cia, thiab cov ntsiab lus uas txhais tau tias txhais tau niaj hnub no Internet siv.
Lub upload ceev kom zoo ib leeg ua rau FTH transformative rau tej thaj chaw deb ua haujlwm. Tus npov hloov mus los ntawm 1 GBPS Cable (50 Mbps Upload) rau 1 Gbps Ftth (1 GBPS upload). Nws 4K daim video project uploads rau cov neeg tau nqis tawm ntawm 3.5 teev rau 11 feeb.
Kev ceev ceev tiag tiag: fiber vs txhua yam
Cia peb txiav los ntawm kev ua lag luam tham nrog cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo.
DSL (Digital Sau Npe Kab)
Tshuab: Tooj Liab Xov Tooj
Raug nrawm: 5-100 Mbps download, 1-10 Mbps upload
Kev ncua deb: Kev ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hnyav dhau 1,500 tshim los ntawm kev hloov chaw nres tsheb
Kev txiav txim: Txaus rau email thiab web browsing, tsis ua rau niaj hnub streaming / ua haujlwm xav tau
Cable Internet (Docsis 3.1)
Tshuab: Coaxial Tooj Liab Cable (HFC - hybrid fiber- coaxial)
Raug nrawm: 100 MBPPs - 1 gbps download, 35-50 mbps uppload
Kev sib nrug deb: Tsawg heev, tab sis koom nrog cov neeg zej zog ze bandwidth ua rau yav tsaus ntuj qeeb qeeb
Kev txiav txim: Cable lub asymmetrical qhov txwv txwv kev txwv, kev tsim kom muaj kev ntxhov siab rau cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov chaw deb
FTH (GPON)
Tshuab: Fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv siv lub teeb pom kev zoo
Raug nrawm: 100 MBPPs - 2 gbps symmetrical
Cov kev cuam tshuam deb: Fiber tuaj yeem nqa 1 GBPS cov cim tshaj kaum tawm ntawm kilometers nrog tsawg kawg nkaus
Kev txiav txim: Cov qauv kub rau 2025 kev xav tau Internet
FTH (xgs - pon)
Tshuab: 10 Gbps Fiber Optic
Raug nrawm: 1-10 Gbps symmetrical
Cov kev cuam tshuam deb: Negrigible hauv Metropolitan xa khoom
Kev txiav txim: Yav tom ntej - eCEFE rau Ai, 8K Streaming, VR, thiab tsis paub txog 2030s applications
Cov naj npawb qhia txog qhov tseeb tseem ceeb: Kev sib txuas lus Fiber ntau dua 100 npaug dua li tooj liab. Nws tsis yog kev txhim kho ntxiv - Nws yog ib qeb sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuas.
Kev Ntsuas Cov Teeb Meem Kev Tshawb Fawb: Lub 80-90% txoj cai tau piav qhia
Koj yuav tsis tau txais qhov tseeb 1,000 MBPS ntawm koj "1 GBPS" phiaj xwm. Ntawm no yog vim li cas uas yog qhov qub:
Raws Cai Ua Haujlwm- Kev nrawm yuav tsum ncav cuag cov nqi tshaj tawm vim tias cov txheej txheem network, qhov kev kho mob network, thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Ib 1 GBPS txoj kev npaj xa 900-920 Mbps ua tau zoo kawg nkaus.
Ntsuas Qhov sib txawv{{0- ISP Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm hauv Megabits Ib Thib Ob (Mbps). Koj lub browser rub tawm hauv megabytes ib thib ob (MBPS). Ntawd yog 8: 1 piv txwv. 1,000 MBPS kev txuas downloads cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 125 Mbps siab tshaj plaws. Ntau cov neeg siv pom "125" thiab xav tias lawv tsuas tau txais 1/8 ntawm lawv nrawm- Lawv tsis yog. Lawv tau txais raws nraim li lawv tau them rau.
Kev kuaj qhov chaw nyob- Testing against a server 2,000 miles away routes through multiple internet exchanges, introducing latency. Nco ntsoov sim rau koj ISP qhov ze tshaj plaws server. Latency yuav tsum qis dua 20ms rau kev ua si thiab kev sib tham video rau kev teeb tsa fiber ntau.
Lub sij hawm ntawm hnub{{0- txawm tias muaj kev paub txog kev coj ua tsis muaj teeb meem Gonon cov cuab yeej sib koom tes txhais tau tias koj cov 32-tsev splips cov kev paub siab dua thaum txhua tus kwj Netflix ib txhij.
Yuav siv tau sai sai?
Raws li kev tsom xam ntawm ntau txhiab tus ftth nruab:
Li qub kev ua tau:
85 {- 95% ntawm kev tshaj tawm ceev thaum lub sijhawm tshaj tawm (thaum sawv ntxov)
75-90% thaum lub sij hawm peak (yav tsaus ntuj)
Latency hauv qab no 20 ms
Muaj kev sib txuas nrawm thoob cov wired sib txuas
Hais txog kev ua haujlwm:
<70% of advertised speed consistently
20% kev sib txawv ntawm kev xeem ntawv ob npaug
Latency >40ms rau cov servers nyob ze
Ceev degrading thoob plaws ib hnub
Yog tias koj nyob hauv "txog" qeb, cov bottenck tsis muaj fiber {} nws yog qhov chaw hauv koj lub tsev network lossis ISP qhov teeb tsa.
Cov teeb meem 100 ko taw kawg: Bridging fiber ntau rau koj cov khoom siv
Cov neeg nyob tsis tau kawg mais tseem ceeb bottleneck rau kev siv zog hauv ntiaj teb. Lossis ntau dua, qhov kawg 100 ko taw hauv koj lub tsev.
Kuv hu rau qhov no "Ferrari hauv ib cheeb tsam tsev kawm ntawv" GBPS tuaj txog ntawm 1 GBPS tuaj txog ntawm koj lub tsev, ces koj qeeb tam sim ntawd rau 100 Mbps nrog cov cuab yeej siv dhau. Nws zoo li yuav ib lub supercar ces yeej tsis hloov tawm ntawm thawj lub iav.
Lub tsib -} Point Pochetch Scchist
Kuaj xyuas point 1: Ethernet chaw nres nkoj ceev
Txhua qhov txuas tau muaj qhov nrawm tshaj plaws. Xyuas cov no:
Ont ethernet chaw nres nkoj: yuav tsum yog gigabit (1000 Mbps) yam tsawg kawg rau 1 GBPS cov phiaj xwm
Router WAN chaw nres nkoj: Yuav tsum phim lossis tshaj koj txoj kev npaj nrawm
Router Lan Cov Chaw Tshawb Xyuas: Yuav tsum Gigus rau Wiring Li
Ntaus cov chaw nres nkoj network: Koj lub computer Ethernet chaw nres nkoj yuav tsum txhawb nqa cov nrawm koj xeem
Ib qho Phoenix, Arizona cov neeg siv nrhiav lawv ISP tau nruab ib 100 MBPs ont ntawm 1 GBPS txoj kev npaj. Tom qab hloov, nrawm dhia ntawm 94 MBPS rau 940 MBPS. Tus txheej txheem cov ntawv teev kev teeb tsa tsis tau ntes cov tsis tau ua.
Audit point 2: Cable zoo thoob plaws cov saw
Cat6 lossis CATSE Cables yuav tsum siv txhua qhov chaw:
Ont rau router
Router rau cov khoom siv
Txhua phab ntsa phaj sib txuas
Hloov cov cab uas puas lawm. Lub tsho txuas txuas ntxiv lossis tsoo lub tsho loj dua tuaj yeem txo qis gigign rau 100 Mbps lossis tsawg dua.
Audit Point 3: MTU configuration
Rau FTTH, teeb MTU (cov chav kis tau zoo tshaj plaws) rau 1500. Qhov no ua kom zoo rau cov pob ntawv loj rau fiber ntau. Tus neeg siv tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 12% los ntawm kev kho MTU ntawm 1473 txog 1500.
Txhawm rau ntsuas cov lus zoo MTU ntawm Windows: Ping - f- l 1472 google) google.
Yog tias muaj kev vam meej, koj MTU yuav tsum yog 1500 (1472 cov ntaub ntawv + 28} hete header). Yog tias nws ua tsis tiav, txo cov nqi xeem los ntawm 10 thiab rov ua dua kom txog thaum koj pom cov pob ntawv loj tshaj plaws uas tsis thooj.
Kev tshuaj xyuas point 4: QOs (qhov zoo ntawm kev pabcuam) kev teeb tsa
Tsev neeg txo kev ua lag luam game los ntawm 40% los ntawm kev ua ntej lawv lub Xbox ntawm Router mus txog QOS chaw. Qhov no tsis ntxiv tag nrho cov nrawm, tab sis ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua ntej thaum bandwidth yog kev sib tw.
Rau kev twv txiaj / video hu: ua ntej UDP tsheb mus rau streaming: ua ntej los ntawm ntaus Mac chaw nyob
Rau cov downloads: QIS ZOO TSHAJ (cov tuaj yeem siv muaj bandwidth)
Audit Point 5: DNS kev teeb tsa
Cov DNS kom tsim nyog DNG tuaj yeem txo qis cov peev xwm. Koj ISP lub neej ntawd DNS yuav tsis tau zoo tshaj plaws. Kev Xaiv Cov Kev Kuaj:
Cloudflare: 1.1.1.1
Google: 8.8.8.8
Quad9: 9.9.9.9
Khiav ceev kev ntsuas nrog txhua. DNS tsis cuam tshuam rau cov nyom nyoos, tab sis nws ua kom cov neeg cuam tshuam nplooj ntawv {}}} Cov lus sib txuas, tsim cov kev daws teeb meem.
WiFi: Tus Killer Tsis Pom
Ntawm no yog qhov tseeb tsis xis nyob: txawm tias ftth zoo meej tuaj yeem xa cov Wifi txaus Wifi ceev. Cov cim tsis muaj zog, thaj chaw tuag, thiab kev nrawm nrawm yog cov lus tsis txaus siab hauv cov teeb meem ftth.
Qhov teeb meem tsis muaj fiber ntau. Nws yog physics.
Lub zaus ua lag luam -} tawm
Electromagnetic cov cim kev lag luam ua haujlwm hauv wireless sib kis tau raws lossis bands, thiab txhua yam muaj txwv:
2.4 GHz Band:
Ntau yam: Zoo heev (Penetrates phab ntsa zoo)
CEEV: Txog li 600 Mbps theoretical (200 - 300 Mbps tiag-ntiaj teb)
Congeste: hnyav (kuj siv los ntawm Bluetooth, microwaves, tus saib xyuas menyuam, cov neeg nyob ze)
5 GHZ Band:
Ntau yam: tsis zoo (tsis muaj zog los ntawm phab ntsa)
Kev nrawm: Txog 1,300 Mbps theoretical (600 - 800 Mbps tiag-ntiaj teb)
Congestion: nruab nrab
6 GHz Band (WiFi 6E / 7):
Ntau yam: txom nyem heev
Kev nrawm: mus txog {10+ gbps theoretical (ntau {} gigabe {2 {2 {NTIAJ TEB)
Congestion: Tsawg (Spectrum Tshiab)
Lub irony: Cov tuab zaus uas xa FTTH CEEV (5/6 GHz) NW nyuam qhuav ncav cuag koj chav pw ntawm ob phab ntsa. Lub caij no, 2.4 GHz nce rau txhua qhov chaw tab sis txhaws dej koj tus gigus fiber txog 200 MBPS.
Peb {{-} point wifi Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws Wifi
Lub Tswv Yim 1: Router Pauv
Tso lub router nyob rau hauv lub nruab nrab qhov chaw, tsa thiab deb ntawm phab ntsa. Lub Seattle lub tsev tsiv lawv router los ntawm hauv qab daus mus rau chav nyob rau hauv chav nyob, txhim kho cov kev fajseeb khomob los ntawm 60%.
Zam kev killer thaj chaw:
Closets (phab ntsa thaiv daim paib)
Ze rau cov khoom hlau (tub yees, ua ntaub ntawv xa khoom)
Pem Teb Theem (Rooj Tog Zaum Blocks Hais)
Ib sab ntawm lwm 2.4 GHz pab kiag li lawm
Qhov kev tso chaw zoo: Thib ob ntawm ob - zaj dab neeg lub tsev, centrally nyob, ntawm lub txee 5-6 taw siab.
Lub Tswv Yim 2: Kauj Ruam & Channel Xaiv
Thaum ntsib kev kub ntxhov qeeb, sim hloov koj lub Wifi channel los ntawm kev rov ua koj lub router. Ib lub router cia li xaiv cov channel tsawg dua thaum nws rov pib dua.
Zoo dua: manually xaiv raws siv WiFi Analyzer app (dawb ntawm cov xov tooj). Hauv cov neeg nyob ze nyob, tsis siv neeg channel xaiv feem ntau tsis ua rau txhua tus "Auto" Rouch "Rou rouch" zoo tshaj "channel, tsim congestion.
Rau 2.4 GHz: Siv Raws 1, 6, lossis 11 rau txhua tus (lawv tsis sib tshooj) rau 5 GHz: Feem ntau cov kev ua haujlwm rau DFS raws
Lub tswv yim 3: paub thaum wired yeej
Txog cov khoom siv uas tsis txav (gaming consoles, cov khoos phis tawj duab, cov TVs ntse), ib txwm siv Ethernet. Ib txwm. Ib tug 15-ko taw Cat6 Cable nqi $ 8 thiab lav txog 940 MBPS. WiFi los ntawm tib lub router, tib chav tsev, tej zaum yuav xa 400 MBPS nyob rau ib hnub zoo.
Cov nrawm nrawm ntawm Wireless thiab Wireless ntawm FTH yog shockingly loj:
Tib yam - chav 5 GHz Wifi: 400-700 Mbps Raug
Tib -} chav 6 ghz wifi (wifi 6e): 800-1,500 Mbps
Ethernet Kev Txuas: 940 Mbps xwm yeem (1 GBPS Txoj Kev Npaj)
Cov hlua sib txuas kuj tshem tawm Jitter, pob ntawv poob, thiab latency spikes {{tseem ceeb rau kev twv txiaj thiab video.
Thaum FTH yuav tsis pab: txheeb xyuas tsis yog - nrawm teeb meem
Tsis yog txhua qhov teeb meem internet yog qhov muaj teeb meem ceev. Kuv tau pom cov neeg siv liam "qeeb fiber" thaum qhov teeb meem tiag tiag yog:
Browser Cache Overload- kaw cov software tsis siv lossis cov apps ntawm koj lub computer noj zaub mov online sib txuas ceev hauv keeb kwm yav dhau. Chrome nrog 40 tabs qhib noj bandwidth tas li cov ntsiab lus.
Malware / bloatware{{0- Ua cov scan ntawm koj cov antivirus software thiab quarantine kis mob. Botnets Siv koj bandwidth rau DDos kev tawm tsam lossis crypto tsuas, tawm me ntsis rau koj qhov kev tshawb nrhiav me me.
FireWall Uncononfigurations{{0- firewalls tuaj yeem cuam tshuam broadband kev ua tau zoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas ib pob khoom siv tau ua rau cov pob tawb tshuaj xyuas tuaj yeem ntim cov fiber ntau fiber ntau. Kev xiam oob khab ib ntus thiab khiav nrawm sim cais cov teebmeem.
Tsis siv neeg hloov tshiab{{0- Thaum koj xav tau kev txuas ruaj khov, xiam tsis zoo hloov tshiab. Qhov rai, Macos, thiab app hloov tshiab khiav hauv cov keeb kwm yav dhau, qee zaum rub tawm gigabytes thaum lub sij hawm siv.
VPN Nyiaj Siv Ua Haujlwm-} ib cov nomad digital hauv barcelona pom lawv tus kws khomob VPN lub server tau ua rau siab ping. Rau VPN cov neeg siv, xaiv ib tus neeg muab kev pab cuam nrog cov servers zoo lossis xav txog lub VPN server hauv zos. Txawm tias FTH tau muab pov los ntawm kev tshaj tawm VPN kawg.
Yog tias koj ntsib Buffering thaum lub sij hawm streaming txawm tias qhov kev ntsuas ceev ceev, qhov kev sib txuas tsis yog koj cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom) lossis koj lub cuab yeej khoom siv ua haujlwm.
Lub neej yav tom ntej - Cov lus nug tseem ceeb: yog ftth tsim nyog nws?
Xyoo 2025, nug "Kuv yuav tsum tau txais fiber ntau" yog li nug xyoo 2005 seb Broadband tau zoo dua hu- Up. Cov lus teb yog muaj, tsis sib xws -} Tab sis nrog tseem ceeb meaters txog qhov koj tau txais tiag tiag.
Thaum FTH ua rau pom zoo meej:
Koj tsev neeg muaj 3+ cov neeg tsis tu ncua streaming / gaming / ua haujlwm ib txhij
Koj upload cov ntaub ntawv loj (video kho, cov kev pab txog, software tsim tawm)
Koj nyob nraum xaiv 4k / 8k streaming lossis VR cov ntawv thov
Cov chaw taws teeb ua haujlwm yuav tsum txhim khu kev qha video sib tham
Ntiaj teb no tas broadband nrawm tau txog 102.48 Mbps nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis 2025, Up ntawm 93.66 MBPS hauv 2024-thiab Fiber ntau khaws cov kev cia siab rau cov kev cia siab
Thaum twg yuav taug kev ceev faj:
FTTN tsuas yog "fiber ntau" kev xaiv (xav txog tos kom muaj tseeb ftth lossis lo nrog zoo cable)
Koj cov khoom siv yog txhua yam ua ntej -} 2018 thiab wifi-tsuas (txhim kho cov khoom siv ua ntej)
Ib Leeg -}} Tus Thawj Coj Tsev Neeg nrog Kev Siv Lub Teeb (Fiber ntau yuav overkill)
Tus Zov Me Nyuam Cov Pab Cuam Haujlwm Neeg Siv Keeb Kwm yog abysmal (nrawm nrawm tsis pab yog tias teeb meem tsis tuaj yeem daws tau)
Lub roi muab xam:
Fiber ntau tam sim no dhau 56.5% ntawm Asmeskas cov tsev neeg raws li 2024, nrog 10.3 lab lub tsev tshiab txuas nrog 2024 ib leeg. Raws li cov khoom ua kom nrawm, tus nqi tau ntog {{multure} Cov hom phiaj tau them $ 300 / hli nyob rau hauv 2020 tam sim no tau khiav $ 80-120 hauv kev sib tw.
Lub caij no, kev tshawb fawb pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam dav dav rau GDP los ntawm 0.3%, sib npaug rau $ 126 nphom hla Oecd teb chaws. Rau kev lag luam, nrawm dua hauv internet tsis yog khoom kim heev- istructivation tsim nyog ntau dua li cov nqi txhua hli.
Rau tsev neeg, xav txog lub sijhawm muaj nqis: yog tias uploads sai dua koj 1 teev toj ib lub lis piam, uas yog 52 teev txhua xyoo. Nqe koj lub sijhawm ntawm $ 50 / teev? Qhov ntawd yog $ 2,600 nyob rau hauv txhua xyoo tus nqi ntawm $ 50 / hli hloov kho tshiab. Lub roi yog pom tseeb rau leej twg ua bandwidth - kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Kev daws teeb meem: Kev kuaj xyuas koj qhov teeb meem ceev
Koj FTH tsis yog kev cia siab. Ua ntej hu kev txhawb nqa, khiav los ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob no:
Qeb 1: Tshawb xyuas koj lub hauv paus
Txuas lub computer ncaj qha mus rau OTT ntawm Ethernet (Bypass Router)
Kaw tag nrho cov ntawv thov tshwj tsis yog kev kuaj ceev ceev
Kuaj rau ISP qhov ze tshaj plaws server
Khiav 3 qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm ib hnub
Cov Lus Qhia Cov Lus Qhia: ____ Mbps cia, ____ Mbps nce, ____ MS latency
Yog wired - rau -} freT ceev 3.-90% ntawm phiaj xwm? Yog: Teeb meem nqes qis (router / wifi / khoom siv) → tsis muaj: txuas ntxiv mus rau qib 2
Theem 2: Tshawb xyuas cov vaj tse ntawm lub cev
Soj ntsuam int -}} Ua kom tau qhov cua, kos lub zog ntsuas hluav taws xob
Txheeb xyuas txhua tus Ethernet Cables {{0} Saib rau kev puas tsuaj, txheeb xyuas tus miv thiab miv
Txheeb xyuas ont ethernetnet chaw nres nkoj cov chaw nres nkoj tshwj xeeb (yuav tsum yog Gigit me me)
Paub meej tias koj tau kuaj nrog Cat6 Cable, tsis yog qub Cat5
Ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub cev? → Yog: Kho / hloov cov khoom siv puas zoo, rov ua dua → tsis muaj: txuas ntxiv qib 3
Theem 3: Router Configuration
Tshawb xyuas Router WAN Portification (xav tau Gigabit rau 1 GBPS cov phiaj xwm)
Tshawb xyuas MTU teeb rau 1500
Hloov tshiab Router Firmware kom hloov tshiab tshiab
Lov tes taw tsis muaj kev txwv
Xeem nrog router hauv Choj hom (yog hais tias att muaj cov peev xwm)
Router txhim kho ua? → Yog: Rov ua nrawm dua → tsis muaj: txuas ntxiv rau qib 4
Qib 4: Ib puag ncig network
Disconnect tag nrho lwm cov khoom siv los ntawm network
Xeem ib lub cuab yeej ntawm Ethernet rau router
Tshawb xyuas Ntaus Ntaus Network Adapter Ceev (Ntaus Tus Thawj Coj → Network adapters)
Kev xiam oob qhab hluav taws xob ib ntus thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, rov ua dua
Kuaj los ntawm cov cuab yeej sib txawv los txiav tawm cov teeb meem kho vajtse
Cais rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb? Yog: Ntaus Khoom Siv Ntaus Ntawv / Software yog Bottenck → Tsis Muaj: Hu rau ISP nrog txhua tus ntaub ntawv kuaj mob
Qeb 5: ISP -} sab ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav
Thaum hu kev txhawb nqa, muaj cov npaj no:
Ntau qhov kev ntsuas ceev (sijhawm, hnub, nrawm nrawm, tus neeg rau zaub mov muag)
ONT MODE naj npawb thiab chaw nres nkoj specifications
Router Model thiab Firmware Version
Cable hom siv
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm wired - rau -} ont kuaj
Cov ntaub ntawv no tshem tawm koj lub router "Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo rau cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo, thiab chaw ua haujlwm Central
Cov Lus Nquag Nug
Puas yog FTH tau lees tias nrawm dua li cable lossis DSL?
Yog lawm, tab sis nrog caveats. FTH muab cov khoom sib dhos kom zoo li 10 Gbps thiab tswj hwm kev ua tau zoo nyob deb li 1,500 tshim thiab cable banded bandwidth. Txawm li cas los xij, koj qhov kev paub tseeb yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev {}} Cov khoom siv tawm, Cat5 cables, lossis cov cuab yeej qub yuav muaj fiber ntau. Cov thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem xa nrawm nrawm, tab sis tsuas yog koj cov saw network txhawb nqa nws.
Vim li cas kuv cov ftth Ceev qeeb qeeb dua tshaj tawm?
Kev nrawm yuav tsum ncav cuag 80 {{-}}}} 90% ntawm cov qhab nia tshaj tawm vim muaj kev sib tw ua haujlwm, uas yog li qub. Yog tias koj tau txais tsawg dua, kos tsib lub cev: ONT overheating los yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm Ports, lossis cov cuab yeej siv miv tsis tuaj yeem ua cov ntaub ntawv qib siab. Kuaj los ntawm kev sib txuas ncaj qha rau ont nrog cov ethernet zoo-yog tias ntaus 85% + ntawm koj txoj kev npaj, qhov teeb meem nyob hauv koj lub tsev network.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm FTH, FTTC, thiab FTTN?
Tsab ntawv qhia tias muaj cov fiber ntau ua ntej hloov mus rau tooj liab. Ftth sau cov fiber ntau rau koj lub tsev (zoo tshaj plaws-} Symmetrical gigit + ceev). FTTC nres ntawm txoj kev txee (moderate -} txog li 100 mbps nrog tooj liab kawg ntu). FTTN xaus ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm ib mais deb (phem tshaj {{{{{{} kev nrawm nrawm tshaj 400 metres). Qhov ntau tooj liab rau hauv koj qhov kev sib txuas, qeeb qeeb thiab tsis ntseeg koj qhov nrawm. Kev lag luam hu lawv txhua "Fiber Internet," tab sis tsuas yog ftth muab cov fiber ntau fiber ntau.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem tau txais Gigbit ceev hla WiFi nrog FTH?
Kev ua tau nrog WiFi 6E / 7 (6 GHz Band), tab sis tsis tshua muaj tswv yim. WiFi 6E tuaj yeem xa 1+ gbps nyob hauv tib chav raws li koj lub router, tab sis cov cim tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws los ntawm phab ntsa. Feem ntau cov tsev tau txais 400-700 Mbps rau 5 GHz Wifi thiab 200-300 Mbps ntawm 2.4 GHz, txawm tias muaj kev pub dawb lub router. Rau kev ua kom zoo sib xws nrawm, siv cov kab ke Ethernet los nyob ruaj ruaj. Reserve WiFi rau cov khoom siv txawb uas qhov yooj yim outweighs siab tshaj plaws.
Muaj pes tsawg lub cuab yeej muaj peev xwm ftth txhawb ib txhij?
FTTH tau yooj yim cov tes yooj yim 20-30+ cov khoom siv nrog kev faib kom zoo. Qhov kev txwv tsis yog cov fiber ntau txuas tab sis koj lub router ua lub zog. Ib tse neeg siv tau 10-15 pab kiag 10-15 (xov tooj, khoos phis tawm, ntse tsev khoom siv, streaming tsev thawv). Nrog 1 gbps fiber ntau thiab rou router, koj tuaj yeem tso tawm 4k ntawm peb lub TV, muaj ob lub video hu, thiab xauj rau ntawm tsib pab kiag li tsis tau rov qab. Los ntawm kev sib piv, DSL thiab Cable tawm tsam yav dhau los 5-8 lub twj siv ua haujlwm.
Puas muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog huab cua zoo li lub cavellite internet?
Tsis tau. Cov kab hluav taws xob muaj optic Satellite experiences significant latency (500+ ms) and weather-related outages. Fiber ntau tswj tau sub - 20ms latency thiab 99.9% + up% dua li tsis hais leej twg. Tsuas yog huab cua -} muaj cov teeb meem fiber ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntoo hluav taws xob lub cev lossis dej nyab hauv av tsis muaj teeb meem los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm huab cua.
Dab tsi upload ceev yuav tsum kuv cia siab tias muaj ftth?
FTH muab cov khoom sib thooj nrawm -}}} Yog tias koj muaj 1 Gbps cia, koj tau txais 1 Gbps Up. Qhov no yog transformative piv rau cable 20: 1 gbps cia, tsuas yog 50 Mbps sawv) lossis DSL's 10: 1 piv. Symmetrical uploads teeb meem rau kev hu video, huab thaub qab, cov ntsiab lus tsim, thiab chaw taws teeb ua haujlwm. Ib qho 4K video project uas yuav siv sij hawm 3 teev mus upload ntawm cable ua tiav hauv 10 feeb ntawm sib npaug FTH. Rau cov neeg tsim thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm deb, upload kom ceev kev sib luag yog FTH tus killer feature.
Yuav ua li cas kuv thiaj paub tias kuv thaj chaw muaj FTH muaj tseeb?
Cov chaw muab kev pab thiab nug tshwj xeeb: "Puas yog ftth lossis fttn?" Cov ntaub ntawv lag luam feem ntau hais tias "fiber ntau is taws nem" rau ob qho tib si. Cov chij liab qhia txog FTTN suav nrog "txog" cov lus ceev, kev sib txawv, lossis cov kws kho mob hais txog "deb ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrawm." Qhov tseeb FTTH cov chaw muab kev pab muaj cov kev sib tw nrawm nrog qhov kev cuam tshuam deb tsawg. Kuaj cov ntawv qhia txog kev xa tawm ntawm BroadbandNow.com lossis Fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias tsis meej, thov kom muaj kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa ua ntej kos npe sib cog lus.
Ua FTH xa nws cov lus cog tseg
Peb xyoos dhau los, thaum kuv xub xeem FTH, Kuv cia siab rau plug -- Ua si gigabit zoo tag nrho. Hloov chaw, Kuv tau txais 240 MBPS thiab siab.
Lub sijhawm tig tau tuaj thaum kuv tau liam lub thev naus laus zis thiab pib nkag mus rau kuv lub network. Cat5 cables? Hloov nrog Cat6. Qub router nrog 100 MBPS chaw nres nkoj? Hloov kho mus rau ib qho nrog Gigus Wan. WiFi rau txhua yam? Ethernet rau txhua txhua ntaus ntawv nyob ruaj ruaj. Ont daig hauv lub txee dai sov? Muab cov chaw tso cua.
Tom qab cov kev hloov pauv no, kuv qhov kev sim ceev xwm txheej ntaus 920 {- 940 Mbps. Cov fiber yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm-Kuv tsuas yog tsis pub nws ua.
Ntawm no yog lub moj khaum Kuv xav tau ib tug neeg tau muab kuv upfront, kuv hu lubFiber ntau daim duab peb sab:
Sab 1: Cov Khoom Tsim Kho Kom Zoo (40% ntawm Kev Ua Tau Zoo)
Muaj tseeb ftth kev xa tawm (tsis fttn)
Gigabit - muaj peev xwm
Cat5E / Cat6 cables thoob plaws
Tsis muaj cov txuas tsis zoo lossis tsoo cable cable
Sab 2: Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob (40% ntawm Kev Ua Tau Zoo)
Router nrog gigus wan chaw nres nkoj
Gigabit lan ports rau wiring li
WiFi 6 / 6e rau cov neeg siv wireless
Cov cuab yeej siv nrog cov Ram (8GB + rau kev ua kom zoo)
Sab 3: Kev Tsim Kho Kom Zoo (20% ntawm Kev Ua Tau Zoo)
MTU teeb rau 1500
QOS kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb
Xaiv Tswv Yim Qhov Chaw Tso Cai Router
Cov xaim sib txuas uas ua tau
Tag nrho peb sab yuav tsum muaj zog. Ntiaj teb - chav fiber nrog $ 30 router tsis ua. Ib qho $ 500 router ntawm fttn infrastructure tsis zoo. Cov cuab yeej zoo meej misconfigured underperforms.
Cov xov xwm zoo? Koj tswj ob sab 2 thiab 3 nkaus. Txawm hais tias koj ISP muab cov khoom siv marginal, koj tuaj yeem hloov koj lub router, hloov cov cable, thiab ua kom koj cov peev txheej ua kom zoo rau xyoo.
Koj Cov Phiaj Xwm Ua:
Lub lim tiam no:
Khiav lub 5-qib kev kuaj mob siab tshaj saud
Txheeb xyuas koj lub cev tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws (yuav router lossis cable)
Kev txiav txim hloov Cat6 cables ($ 20-40 rau ib pob)
Lub hlis no:
Txawj tej yam ntxiv router yog tias WAN chaw nres nkoj tsuas yog 100 MBPs ($ 80-150 rau kev ua haujlwm zoo router)
Txuas cov khoom siv nyob hauv ethernet
Txhim kho cov kev tso kawm router router thiab chaw
Lub quarter no:
Ntsuas lub hnub nyoog - npaj hloov kho dua tshiab rau txhua yam ua ntej 2018
Saib xyuas kom ceev txhua hli kom txhom tau kev cuam tshuam thaum ntxov
Sau tseg koj txoj kev teeb tsa rau kev daws teeb meem yav tom ntej
Lo lus nug tsis yog tias FTTH tuaj yeem txhim kho koj qhov internet ceev. Nws yuav kiag li, feem ntau los ntawm 5-10x piv rau DSL lossis cable. Cov lus nug tiag tiag yog koj yuav tsim cov kev mob uas cia Fiber cuag nws lub peev xwm.
Koj txoj kev tsiv.
Tseem Ceeb Takaways
FTH muab cov khoom sib thooj sib thooj - gigabit ceev, tab sis FTTN's Spegments ua haujlwm hnyav dhau 400 meters
Cia siab li 80-90% ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm vim muaj kev sib tw ua haujlwm; Tsawg dua qhov no qhia txog cov roj ntsha hauv koj lub tsev network
Tsib hom bottlencks throttle fiber ntau: ont txwv, router nrog 100 MBPS chaw nres nkoj, Cat5 cables, WiFi congestion, thiab cov khoom siv tawm sab nraud
WiFi tsis tshua tau noj tag nrho gigabit ceev -}} Siv ETernet rau cov khoom siv nyob ruaj ruaj
Qhov tseeb ftth's symmetrical upload nrawm (1 Gbps nce thiab nqis) Hloov chaw ua haujlwm tej thaj chaw deb, thiab kev tsim cov ntsiab lus piv rau cable 20: 1 asymmetry