Yuav ua li cas FTTX Solutions ua haujlwm?
Thaum kuv tus neeg zej zog cov menyuam yaus nug kuv li cas nws cov 10-gig fiber ntau ua haujlwm, "Khawv koob iav uas nqa lub teeb ntawm 186,000 mais ib zaug."
Nws ntsia rau ntawm cable, tom qab ntawd rov qab rau kuv. "Ntawd yog nws? Cia li ... lub teeb?"
"Cia li kaj," Kuv paub tseeb. "Tab sis cov architecture uas tau txais lub teeb pom ntawd los ntawm koj ISP cov ntaub ntawv chaw rau koj cov pcing pcing rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab? Qhov twg nws tau txais."
Tom qab xa cov kev daws teeb meem thoob plaws 340+ chaw nyob rau ntau cov neeg engnent-} Cov fttx ua tau haujlwm. Lawv pom nws raws li "Fiber Optic Internet." Nws tsis yog. It's a precisely orchestrated light-splitting, wavelength-multiplexing, time-division system that shares a single strand of glass among 32 subscribers while delivering each of them dedicated gigabit performance.
Cia kuv qhia koj tias qhov xwm txheej dab tsi tshwm sim hauv qhov ntawd "iav iav."
FTTX Ecosystem: ntau dua li tsuas yog muaj fiber ntau cable
FTTX -}}}}}}}}}}}}}} sawv cev rau koj qhov chaw (hauv tsev, tsev, kav hlau txais xov, tsis yog ib qho thev naus laus zis. Nws yog lub network architecture lub tswv yim: thawb lub fiber ntau dua li cov neeg siv kawg raws li kev sib txuas ua ke raws li kev lag luam zaum kawg raws li kev lag luam thiab infrastructure muaj tiag.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:Lub teeb taug kev mus ntxiv, nrawm dua, thiab muaj ntau dua hluav taws xob hauv tooj liab.Cov ntaub ntawv muaj fiber ntau ecin
Tab sis kev fiber ntau ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus yog cov ceg txheem ntseeg. Cov kev txawj ntse nyob hauv yuav ua li cas FTTX Solutions Cov kev daws teeb meem kim fiber ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum tswj kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev rho tawm. Qhov no yog qhov twg passical network (Pon) thev naus laus zis ua cov kws ua vaj huam sib luag.
Lub Pon Architecture: Sib koom cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, muaj kev cuam tshuam ua haujlwm
Tsoos Nqes eternet eternet architures yuav tsum tau muab hluav taws xob ntawm txhua qhov sib cais. Nruab fiber ntau txog 128 lub tsev? Koj xav tau hloov chaw nyob rau hauv 街头 cov tub rog khiav 24/7, siv lub zog, ua kom muaj cua sov, thiab ua tsis tau ib ntus.
Pon tshem tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nquag ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm nruab nrab thiab cov neeg yuav khoom. Lub npe "Passion" Optical network hais txog qhov tsis muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob uas faib tawm, tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsim nyog, tsis muaj cov khoom siv kom swb. Ib fiber los ntawm central chaw ua hauj lwm pub 1:32 splitter, uas ua haujlwm 32 lub tsev. Ntawd yog 32 x txo cov fiber ntau, 32 x txo hauv ordt ports noj, xoom kev txij nkawm rau lub network.
Qhov ua kom yuam kev: Koj yuav qhia ib tug fiber ntau ntawm 32 cov neeg siv tsis muaj lawv cov ntaub ntawv sib tsoo? Ob lub tshuab ua haujlwm hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj:Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)rau kev sib cais thiabLub sij hawm faib ntau qhov kev nkag tau (TDMA)Rau cov neeg siv kev sib cais.
Peb {{{- Txoj Cai Kev: Yuav ua li cas koj cov ntaub ntawv mus ncig
Nkag siab FTTX txhais tau tias ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv pob ntawv txoj kev taug los ntawm peb thaj tsam network, txhua tus nrog cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov nyom.
Txoj Cai Kuv: Lub Chaw Haujlwm Nruab Nrab - qhov twg lub teeb pib
Koj cov ntaub ntawv taug kev pib ntawm kab kab kho qhov muag lub davhlau ya nyob twg (OLT), feem ntau nyob hauv koj lub chaw ua haujlwm ISP lub chaw haujlwm lossis chaw haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam. Xav txog cov olt uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm ib qho orchestra -}} nws tswj cov peev txheej, thiab ua kom txhua tus neeg yuav khoom muaj kev cuam tshuam.
DownStream (Lub Chaw Haujlwm Central → Tus Neeg Sau Npe):
Lub {{{- emails, video ntws, kev ua si packenals rau hauv cov hluav taws xob pulses. Rau feem ntau godon xa khoom (tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no), ownstream cov ntaub ntawv xa ntawm 2.5 Gbps siv 1490nm wavelength laser.
Ntawm no yog ntu Clever: Lub OLT tshaj tawm cov tsheb khiav hauv txoj kev nce qib mus rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm rau lub Pon. Koj tus neeg nyob ze saib koj Netflix ntws? Yog - Txhua qhov me ntsis ntawm nws. Tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv nqa cov neeg sau npe (lub pov thawj lub cim ID hauv GPon terminology). Koj lub davhlau ya nyob twg koj lub davhlau ya nyob twg (ONT) nyob rau hauv tsev nyeem txhua tus ncej, kev rho tawm tsuas yog pob ntawv tagged rau koj, thiab muab txhua tsav txhua yam.
Qhov kev tshaj tawm -} thiab - Lim mus kom txog rau lwm txoj kev xaiv los yog wavelengting ib tug neeg yuav muaj cov neeg siv hluav taws xob sib deev los ntawm 32 x. Tshaj tawm yog dawb; fiber ntau kim.
Wavelength archure (gonpon piv txwv):
1490NM: Cov ntaub ntawv nqes dej (ISP → Tus Neeg Sau Npe)
1310NM: Cov ntaub ntawv nce toj (cov neeg yuav khoom → isp)
1550nm: Downstream video Overlay (Yeem, qee qhov kev xa tawm siv qhov no rau CATV / IPTV)
Cov wavelength txawv txawv tebchaws ib txhij uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam - Zoo li ntau cov xov tooj cua tshaj tawm ntawm ntau zaus. Lub OLT thiab OTT siv WDM lim kom cais cov wavelengths ntawm xa thiab tau txais.
Act II: Lub network kho qhov muag tshaj tawm - tus yees siv passive
Nruab nrab ntawm OLT thiab koj lub tsev nyob dag cov khoom faib kho kho kho kho qhov muag ntawm fiber ntau
Lub khoos phis tawm kho qhov muag:
Daim duab ib 1:32 kho qhov muag ua ntej ua prism hauv kev thim rov qab. Ib lub fiber ntau, 32 fibers tawm. Cov teeb liab tuaj sib faib sib faib sib cais (hauv kev xav) ntawm txhua 32 oputor ports. Tsis muaj hwj chim. Tsis muaj lub cav. Tsis muaj teeb tsa. Nws yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog tsim cov iav uas lub cev sib cais ntawm lub teeb los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev siv hluav taws xob.
Cov physics yog lim: cais txo cov teeb liab muaj zog. Ib 1:32 sib cais tsim muaj kwv yees li ntawm 18db ntawm kev poob siab (ntxiv txuas cov khoom lag luam). Tias 1490N Laser Pib ntawm+2 dbm ntawm olt tuaj txog ntawm {{11 {11- 16dbm rau -20dbm nyob deb ntawm Fiberion nrug. Pon Systems nyiaj tau txog 28db tag nrho poob ntawm olt rau ont-uas yog 99.84% ntawm lub teeb liab thawj ploj ua ntej ncav koj.
Qhov no yog vim li cas pon siv cov neeg muaj zog, rhiab tau txais, thiab khoov -} uas tsis muaj fiber ntau fab.
Peb ODN Architectures daws cov teeb meem sib txawv:
Centralized Splitting:Txhua tus spritting mloog zoo ib qho fiber ntau faib hub (fdh) ze rau lub chaw nyob ze. Kev tswj kom yooj yim, hloov tau reconfigation yooj yim, tab sis yuav tsum faib cov fibers ntxiv (32 fibers los ntawm FDH rau 32 lub tsev).
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: ntom hauv nroog neeg hauv nroog uas muaj cov nqi fiber ntau tus nqi rau ib lub ntsuas 'tsawg.
Muab faib cais (CASCADED):Ua ntej - theem 1: 4 Splitter Nyob ze ntawm OLT, thib ob {}}}} {{{{}} tag nrho cov sib cais). Txo cov feeder fiber ntau yuav tsum suav ua qauv.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: suburban sprawl uas fiber nqi dominate tab sis cov neeg yuav khoom density.
Faib cov kais architecture (DTA):Asymmetric Taps raws cov kab ke fiber {{0} Thawj cov tsiaj txhu cov tsiaj 1%, thib ob taps 3%, nce raws li cov cim tsis muaj zog. Kev daws txuj ci rau kev linear xa khoom.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: Cov kev nyob deb nroog, txoj kev tsheb loj, kev ua si ntawm cov chaw ua si nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tawg.
Qhov kev xaiv tsis yog technical - nws yog nyiaj txiag. Centralized cais opecizes opex (kev tswj xyuas yooj yim) ntawm tus nqi ntawm capex (ntau fiber ntau). Muab faib ua kev sib cav uas ua lag luam - tawm. COX sib txuas lus nto moo zoo dua rov kho lawv cov qauv FTTX hauv 2020 6}}}}}}}}}}}} txoj cai} txoj cai-sizing architecture mus thov.
Act III: cov npe neeg sau npe - qhov twg lub teeb ua cov ntaub ntawv
Txoj cai kawg tshwm sim ntawm koj lub davhlau ya nyob twg lub davhlau ya
UppeStream kis: TDMA seev cev
Cov dej xau yog yooj yim - Lub olt tshaj tawm, txhua tus neeg mloog. UppeStream yog cov teeb meem sib koom tes: 32 gbps (hauv gpon) lossis 2.5 gbps (hauv xg {{pon) tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv kev sib tsoo.
Kev daws: Lub sijhawm faib khoom ntau dua. Tus edt ua raws li cov tsheb khiav tsheb, muab txhua yam ont tshwj xeeb {}}}} theem theem qis rau kev sib kis. OTT 1 transmits rau 3 microseconds. OTT 2 tos 2 Micreens ces cov ntawv xa mus rau 5 microseconds. Ont 3 tos thiab tau txais nws 4-micreenbond qhov rai.
Lub sijhawm no slots yog dynamic -} lub olt tas li hloov kho raws li cov neeg siv Bandwidth xav tau. Streaming 4k video? Koj OTT tau txais ntau zaus, lub sijhawm ntev dua. Nyob hauv 3AM? Koj lub slots yuav ntsws. Qhov tseem ceeb bandwidth no (DBA) yog li cas pon muab "mob siab" ua tau zoo los ntawm kev sib qhia vaj tse.
Cov kev sib tw nce toj zuj zus:
Ntawm no yog cov teeb meem ntawm cov lus piav qhia feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob Hla: Cov 32 txuas ntxiv sib txawv los ntawm OLT. Ont A yog 5 mais deb (25 microseconds puag ncig - Taug kev lub teeb lub sijhawm mus ncig ua si). ONT Z yog 18 mais deb (90 microseconds puag ncig - taug kev). Yog tias lawv ob leeg tau kis thaum lub OLT hais tias "mus," lawv lub cim qhia txog lub sijhawm sib txawv thiab sib tsoo.
Pon tshuab Daws qhov no los ntawm xws li - € olt ntsuas txhua qhov deb thiab muab qhov ntawd ont lub taub hau- pib qeeb. Onting z Pib hloov pauv 65 microseconds ua ntej ont a, kom ntseeg tau ob lub cim tuaj txog ntawm OLT hauv lawv lub sijhawm Slots nrog xoom sib tshooj.
Qhov no tshwm sim cia li nyob rau kev sau npe thiab rov - calibrates ib ntu. Koj yeej tsis pom nws. Koj cov ont xwb ... ua haujlwm. Txog thaum nws tsis (thaum fiber ntau bent dhau nrawm thiab teeb liab poob lub sijhawm siv nyiaj).
Lub Pon Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem: gonpon → xg {{0} → pon → xgs - pon
Thaum kuv pib hauv Telecom xyoo 2010, GPON yog qhov kev kub tshiab. Niaj hnub no, nws yog tus qauv coj los ua ntu zus. Nkag siab FTTX txhais tau tias nkag siab txog cov thev naus laus zis hloov zuj zus no.
Gon (gigabit pon): cov workorse
I6 - t g.984 tus qauv, pom zoo thawj xyoo 2003-2004, kev lag luam muag khoom xyoo 2008-2015.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb:
DownStream: 2.488 Gbps (sib qhia los ntawm 128 cov neeg siv, feem ntau yog 32-64)
Ntws los: 1.244 Gbps (sib koom)
Wavelength: 1490nm cia, 1310nm txog
Qhov deb tshaj plaws: 20 km
Qhov siab tshaj plaws sib faib piv: 1: 128 (feem ntau 1:32 lossis 1:64 hauv kev xyaum)
Gon transformed broadband los ntawm kev ua kom muaj fiber ntau cov peev nyiaj tau rau cov khoom siv uas muaj chaw nyob. Tias 2.5 / 1.25 GBPS muaj peev xwm zoo li quaint niaj hnub no, tab sis nco ntsoov: xyoo 2010, feem ntau cov tsev muaj 5-10 Mbps DSL lossis Cable Internet. Gon muab 25-50X lub peev xwm headroom.
Qhov txwv tsis pub: Asymmetric bandwidth. DownStream ntawm 2.5 GBPS cov cuab yeej streaming thiab rub tawm zoo. Hla los ntawm 1.25 Gbps ua rau cov txha caj dab rau kev sib tham video, huab tsim- cov ntawv thov tawg tom qab-2015.
** Vim li cas gonpon funpinated: ** Tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau "Triple ua tau zoo rau cov khoom lag luam Broadband 2010}50+ tus muag khoom.
Xg {- pon (10g pon): cov asymmetric evolution
I6 - t g.987 tus qauv, pom zoo 2010, kev xa khoom lag luam xyoo 2015-2020.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb:
DownStream: 9.953 Gbps
UPSULE: 2.488 Gbps
Wavelength: 1577nm cia, 1270nm up (txawv los ntawm gpon!)
Qhov deb tshaj plaws: 20 km
Phua sib faib: feem ntau 1:64
Xg {- Pon Quadrupled Down Down muaj peev xwm thiab ob npaug ntawm ntws los piv rau gpon. Qhov txawv wavelength (1577nm / 1270NM vs 1490nm / 1310NM) Pab kom lub fiber ntau nyob rau tib lub fiber ntau ntawm kev ntxiv WDM lim.
Qhov kev ua voj voog no ua kom nce siab ntxiv: ISPS cia koj siv XG - pa ntawm cov kab ke muaj fiber uas twb muaj lawm tsis muaj kev kov cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Raws li subcribers hloov kho tshiab, lawv tau tsiv los ntawm gpon rau xg - pon onts. Network muaj peev xwm loj hlob tsis muaj forklift hloov.
Qhov teeb meem xg - pa shlauv:Bandwidth {{0} hungry video streaming (4k), ua haujlwm {{pandemic), nce ib txhij suav nyob rau ib yim neeg.
Qhov teeb meem nws tsis daws:Tseem asymmetric. Ntws los ntawm 2.5 GBPS sib koom hla 64 cov neeg siv txhais tau tias yog rau zoom, cov neeg siv khoom tsim nyog, kev lag luam, thiab kev tawm ntawm huab ua haujlwm.
Xgs - pon (10g symmetric Pon): Yav Tom Ntej Tus Qauv
I6 - t g.9807.1, pom zoo 2016, kev lag luam ua haujlwm 2020-tam sim no, nrawm nrawm rau cov tsim tshiab.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb:
DownStream: 9.953 Gbps
UpStream: 9.953 Gbps (Symmetric!)
Wavelength: tib yam li XG - pon (1577nm cia, 1270nm
Qhov deb tshaj plaws: 20 km
Phua sib faib: Feem ntau 1:32 txog 1:64
Xgs - pa'}} pa'} pa tsis tau txais kev hloov pauv hauv cov dej nrawm} Nws phim xg {}} pon's 10gbps. Lub kiv puag ncig yog qhov zoo li: 10GBPs ntws los ntawm kev sib tw ntws hauv qab.
Qhov kev hloov pauv hloov no siv cov xwm txheej:
Enterprise Txuas:Cov lag luam tuaj yeem upload sai li lawv rub tawm
Txawb backhaul:5g xov tooj ntawm tes xav tau ntau - gigabab symmetric symmetric
Huab Pab:{- Lub sijhawm sync, kev sib koom tes editing, video ntau lawm workflows
Ntse Lub Nroog:Iot sensors, cov koob yees duab soj ntsuam cov koob yees duab, kev tshuaj xyuas cov tsheb loj loj loj loj uploads
Yav tom ntej - ua pov thawj:Raws li cov ntawv thov hloov huab - ua ntej, ntws tau thov mus rau hauv dej ntws
Lub kauj ruam archistence:
Xgs - pon thiab xg - pa siv tib lub wavelength (1577nm) thiab cov qauv framing. Ib qho OLT tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ob qho tib si ont hom ntawm tib lub Pon, ua lub sijhawm rau txhua tus. Qee tus neeg sau npe tau XG - Pon (10 / 2.5), lwm tus tau txais xgs {}} pon (10/10), txhua tus sib qhia tib kho kho kho qhov muag.
Qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm Pon Evolution: symmetric multi {}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Cov ntaub ntawv thov, thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov kev pab cuam muaj nyob hauv 2025-2030 lub sijhawm.
Kev ua lag luam ua haujlwm:
Cov neeg ua haujlwm loj tau tsim cov xgs {{}} pakiv (} Pon Verizon ua tiav xg - pon2 (ua ntej} {txheem {}} kev sim hauv xyoo 2010.
Los ntawm 2024, xgs - pa tau hloov los ntawm kev sim siab rau cov qauv ntau lawm. Cov khoom siv cov nqi tau nqis kwv yees li 60% txij li xyoo kawm ntawv tau nce ntau ntxiv. Tus neeg muag khoom ecosystem tau matured nrog cov khoom siv cuam tshuam los ntawm 20+ cov tuam ntxhab. Kev tsim muaj fiber ntau ntxiv ua rau lub neej ntawd kom tau xgs- pathappe gacking ua ntej lub taub hau yav tom ntej.
Tshaj dhau Pon: Cov Eeternet nquag thiab cov qauv kev tshwj xeeb FTTX
Pon Dominates FTTX, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev ua si nkaus xwb. Qee qhov xwm txheej xav tau thov kev sib txawv.
Nquag ethernet (AE): Taw tes - rau -} point}
Hauv FTH ua haujlwm eternet eternet, txhua tus neeg yuav khoom tau txais cov fiber ntau los ntawm lub chaw lis haujlwm nruab nrab hloov mus rau lawv cov ont. Tsis muaj kev sib qhia. Tsis muaj pon splitting. Tsuas yog ib tus gigabab (lossis 10 tus me nyuam) Ethernet chaw nres nkoj ib tus neeg sau npe.
Thaum nquag Ethernet yeej:
Cov khoom me me:Gated cov zej zog, chaw ua lag ua lag luam nrog<100 subscribers
Cov neeg lag luam lag luam:Dedicated bandwidth slas, tsis muaj luancency xav tau
Sib tw sib txawv:"Tsis muaj kev qhia bandwidth" raws li kev ua lag luam kom zoo dua
Tus nqi pauv pauv - tawm:
Cov ethernet siv ib OLT chaw nres nkoj ib tus neeg sau npe (vs {{}}} chaw partic ib 32 subscribers nyob rau hauv pon). Nws yuav tsum tau ntau dua fiber ntau (cov lus qhia txog thiab cov koom nrog feeder). Tab sis nws tshem tawm cov nqi cais tawm, muab cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim, thiab muab cov bandwidth tiag tiag.
For small fiber-to-the-community deployments, Active Ethernet can be cost-competitive. At scale (>500 cov neeg xa khoom), Pon cov lag luam ua haujlwm.
FTTA (Fiber rau lub kav hlau txais xov): 5G tus caj qaum
FTTA txuas cov xov tooj ntawm tes ntauwd, txuas rau lawv rau cov pob bootband ntawm fiber ntau ntawm Fiber Optic Shoticaul. Qhov no tsis yog subcriber kev nkag tau - nws yog mobile network kev tsim kho.
Vim li cas FTTA teeb meem rau 5G:
5g lub mimo loj heev (ntau yam -}}}}}}} {} gigabit backhaul. Tsoos coax cable tsis tuaj yeem xa bandwidth. Fiber ntau tuaj yeem.
FTta siv cov tshuab thev naus laus zis lossis cov fiberated fiber ntau kom xa 10-25 gbps croonthaul muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub taub hau xov tooj cua. Raws li 5G densifies (ntau cov chaw cell (ntau dua cov chaw ua ke, los ze zog ua ke), FTTA ua cov tsheb thauj khoom tsuas yog siv hluav taws xob.
Lub Convergence: Txawb Cov Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm FTTA tes hauj lwm tshawb pom tau lawv tau ua feem ntau cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau FTH. Qee tus (zoo li Verizon) Leverage 5 G me me faib cov lus faib {}} Koj lub tsev internet thiab xov tooj txawb ob leeg backhaul los ntawm tib lub fiber.
FTTX tso kev ua haujlwm: qhov twg kev xav tau raws li pej xeem engineering
Kev ua yeeb yam hauv fiber ntau optic xa tau txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem nruab Cable rau cov neeg xa khoom. FTTX Xa Kev Siv yog 70% CONTRESSINGERUS, 20% Kev Npaj, 10% Optical Technology.
Tus nqi peb them:
Siv / Civil Ua haujlwm:60-70% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi xa mus
Trenching, tho txawv, ncej attachments
Cov ntawv tso cai, cov cai {- ntawm - txoj kev, kev sib koom tes hluav taws xob
Doiding DRILLING NYOB RAU HAUV TXOJ KEV THIAB CEV
Khoom siv:25-30% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi
OLT Chassis thiab cov npav line
Kho qhov muag Fiber Cable (Ntau Hom)
Splitters, Kaw cov kab hauv, cov sib txuas
Onts deploping rau cov neeg ua haujlwm
Qoj qab:10-15% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi
Splicing, kuaj, teeb tsa
Ont kev ua haujlwm thiab ua kom muaj zog
Cov Ntaub Ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tswj
Lub sijhawm sib tw:
Cov tuam txhab hu xov tooj yuav tsum sib tham nrog cov tswv cuab cov cuab yeej lossis cov chaw hauv nroog kom tau txais kev nkag mus rau cov cai rau hauv cov cai {{{1}- txoj kev. Kev tswj kev cai hydres suav nrog kev tso cai, kev ua raws ib puag ncig, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Hauv cov chaw nroog ntev, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem txuas lub sijhawm xa mus los ntawm 6-18 lub hlis.
FTH kev teeb tsa kev siv hluav taws xob raug siv rau ntau txoj kev tswj dej. Feem ntau, cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm tau tsim kev sib koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab nrog xov tooj, txhim kho cov fiber ntau hauv cov kav dej uas twb muaj lawm los txo tus nqi.
Cov txuj ci ua haujlwm luv luv:
Kev teeb tsa kev txhim kho yuav tsum muaj cov kev txawj ntse tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg sib cog lus fiber ntau qhib kev teeb tsa uas muaj kev tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib cav, otdr kuaj, thiab kev coj ua kom zoo yog nyob rau hauv kev ua kom luv nqi rau kev thov. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no tsis muaj zog tsim cov nqi thiab qeeb cov khoom xa tawm.
Ib qho kev daws teeb meem: Pre6-} cov rooj sib tham. Hoobkas {- ntsia cov txuas ntxiv txo, tso cai rau cov neeg tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm sai dua. Kev lag luam - tawm: prepeces cov khoom siv (Pre6 6}}}}} {{{50% kev txuag nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv high - tus nqi ua lag luam-tus nqi lag luam (North America, Western Europe), Western cov chaw ua haujlwm.
O & M Qhov Kev Koom Tes: Kev Tswj Chaw Taws Teeb Hloov Txhua Yam
Xa cov FTTX yog qhov nyuaj. Kev khiav hauj lwm nws ntawm nplai yog qhov nyuaj. Cov kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj thiab txij nkawm (O & M) Yuav tsum muaj tsheb yob rau txhua qhov teeb meem- cov neeg yuav khoom tsis tuaj yeem txuas? Xa cov thev naus laus zis. Qeeb nrawm? Xa cov thev naus laus zis. Lub tsheb yob nqi: $ 100-300 toj ib mus xyuas.
Kev tswj cov chaw taws teeb los ntawm kev sib tw xws li OMCI (ONU tswj thiab tswj hwm Oly & m ntawm reactive mus rau cov neeg ntawd. ISP yog teeb tsa tau, saib xyuas, thiab cov khoom daws teeb meem los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nruab nrab.
Dab tsi tswj kev tswj hwm:
Saib xyuas cov xwm txheej xwm txheej xwm txheej xwm:Nthuav cov zauv txiav, degraded splices, qias neeg ua ntej ua ntej cov neeg xa khoom hu
Dynamic bandwidth faib:Kho QO cov cai tswjfwm remotely raws li cov neeg yuav khoom hloov pauv
Kev Ua Haujlwm Pabcuam:Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm cov neeg sau npe yam tsis muaj chaw mus ntsib
Software hloov tshiab:Thawb lub firmware kom tsis txhob remotely
Kev Txij Nkawm:Txheeb xyuas cov lus tsis zoo ua ntej tsis ua tiav
Cov khoom siv cov khoom siv xws li vSOL, Huawei, ZTE, thiab Nokia muab combo Pon OLTS nrog cov nuj nqis tswj chaw taws teeb, txo cov kev siv nyiaj txiag thaum txhim kho sijhawm. Kev lag luam kev lag luam los ntawm ovum (tam sim no omdia) thiab kev nyeem ntawv hnyav qhia tias kev tswj cov chaw taws teeb tswj hwm kom lub sijhawm kho cov chaw taws teeb (MTTR) los ntawm 50-60%.
Cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam: 10,000-subscriber FTTX network tsim muaj kwv yees li 200-300 tus lej pib teeb meem txhua hli. Ntawm $ 150 ib lub tsheb yob, uas yog $ 30,000-45,000 ib hlis nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas reactive. Kev tswj hwm cov chaw taws teeb tshem tawm 60-70% ntawm cov pob hluav taws xob tsis tsim nyog, txuag $ 18,000-31,000 hli. ROI ntawm tej thaj chaw deb platforms: 6-9 lub hlis.
FTTX Yav Tom Ntej: 25G Pon, 50g Pon, thiab dhau
Xgs - pa yuav tsis yog qhov kawg. Pon Evolution tseem mus rau kev ceev dua thiab cov duab tshiab.
25g Pon (Tom ntej no -} tiam pon 2)
I6 - t g.9804.x Cov qauv txhais tau tias 25g Pon (tseem hu ua ng {}} pon2 hauv cov spects ua ntej). Hloov ntawm ib qho - wavel}}}} wavel} siv ntau yam wavelength (4-8)
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb (raug):
4-8 wavelengths € 25 gbps=100-200 gbps sib sau ua ke
Tunable onts xaiv wavelength
Tau tshaj tawm ib qho kev twb muaj lawm - hom fiber ntau
COEXISTIAL NROG GPON / XGS - pon los ntawm WDM
Siv cov xwm txheej: Mobile fronthaul/midhaul for 5G and beyond, enterprise connectivity requiring >10Gbps mob siab, lag luam Wholesale Fiber cov chaw muab kev pab pab ntau cov khw muag khoom yog xa ib lub pon.
Cov xwm txheej xa tawm:Teb kev sim ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, txwv tsis pub noj cov khoom lag luam. Tus nqi them tus nqi tshaj xgs - Pon tseem muaj ntau yam (2-3 x rau OLT LINE Phaib). Kev ua lag luam tos cov nplai kev lag luam.
50g Pon: 205-2030 lub hom phiaj
I6 - t Ua haujlwm pab pawg yog txheem 50g Pon rau symmetric 50 gbps ib yoj yoj. Kev sim teb tau pib 2024-2025. Cov khoom lag luam xav tau kev cia siab 2026-2027.
Tus tsav tsheb:8K Video streaming, ar / vr kev twv, thiab} {}}} gbps sib koom ua ke ntawm 2028-2030 hauv kev lag luam siab.
Cov kev sib tw ua haujlwm:Siab dua thov cov nyiaj poob qis qis -}}}}}}}} Kev zam rau cov khoom siv roj nplua, thiab txuas txuas maj. OTT Optics tau kim dua. Kev siv fais fab tuag taus.
Cov lus nug lag luam:Puas yog peb xav tau 50G Pon, lossis peb puas tsuas yog txo qis kev sib cais? Ib tug 1:16 xgs - Pon Split muab ntau bandwidth ib tus neeg sau ntawv tshaj 1: {ge-} g pon sib cais, siv cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no. Cov lus teb yog nyob ntawm fiber ntau muaj fiber ntau thiab cais cov infrastructure twb xa mus.
Cov Lus Nquag Nug
Yuav ua li cas FTTX tswj kev ua tau zoo thaum 32 cov neeg rau npe faib ib fiber ntau?
Lub sij hawm Division ntau qhov kev nkag tau (TDMA) rau nce ntws mus thiab tshaj tawm {}}} puring rau downstream. Tus olt muab txhua ont microsecond {{}}} theem theem caij slots rau upstream kis, tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo. DownStream, lub OLT tshaj tawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv, thiab txhua yam ntxiv yuav tsuas yog nws cov nyob thav ntawv. Dynamic bandwidth faib (DBA) txuas ntxiv kho lub sijhawm cov ntaub ntawv tau ua raws li cov neeg siv hnyav tau txais ntau qhov, cov neeg hauv cov neeg tuaj yeem tau txais tsawg. Qhov no muab cov kev mob siab rau {{8} zoo li kev ua tau los ntawm kev sib qhia vaj tse.
Fiber ntau rau lub tsev tiag tiag xa symmetric gigitit ceev?
Yog, nrog xgs - pa technology. Legacy Gack yog asymmetric (2.5gbps cia, 1.25gbps up), raws li yog xg {{} pa (10GBps cia, 2.5gbps sawv). Xgs - Pon muab cov lej ua lej 10gbps sib qhia ntawm 32- 64 cov neeg rau npe. Tom qab cov nyiaj tau rau splitting thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm siv nyiaj siv ua ntej, cov neeg ua haujlwm ib tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tiav 1Gbps symmetric (1000mbps upload thiab rub tawm) thaum lub Pon tsis oversubscribed. Oversubscripteces tshwm sim thaum tag nrho 32 tus neeg tau thov ib txhij thov ntau bandwidth-tsawg kawg hauv cov chaw nyob.
Yog FTTX kev nyab xeeb, thiab cov neeg nyob sib ze sib cuam tshuam kuv cov ntaub ntawv?
FTTX Solutions Siv AES - 128 encryption (hauv xgs 256 encryption (hauv xgs-Pon) kom muaj kev nce qib hauv qab. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov downts tau txais tag nrho cov av nqes hav (txhua ont tuaj yeem tsuas yog decrypt nrog nws tus yuam sij tshwj xeeb. Lub OLT muab txhua yam ont ib qho tseem ceeb encryption thaum lub sijhawm sau npe. Cov tsheb ua haujlwm nce siab dhau mus rau lub sijhawm slots, tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo lossis kev cuam tshuam. Qhov kev ua encryption ua haujlwm ntawm txheej 2 (hauv qab no, hauv qab IP, ua fttx inherent ntau dua wireless lossis sib koom tes coax cable tes hauj lwm. Tsis muaj cov neeg sau npe tuaj yeem kho lwm tus neeg sau npe tsheb yam tsis tau tawg AES encryptional-computationalally infeasible nrog tam sim no thev naus laus zis.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm FTH, FTB, FTTC, thiab FTTN?
Qhov chaw nyob qhov twg fiber kev txiav tawm:Ftth (Fiber rau hauv tsev)Txuas cov fiber ntau txhua txoj kev mus rau cov neeg yuav khoom nyob rau qhov chaw nyob - cov ont zaum hauv koj lub tsev.Fttb (fiber ntau rau lub tsev)Terminates fiber ntau ntawm chav tsev telecom, tom qab ntawd siv tooj liab xaim (Ethernet, VDSL) kom mus txog ib qho chaw.FTTC (Fiber rau ntawm ntug kev)Nres fiber ntau ntawm txoj kev txee, feem ntau tsis pub dhau 300 metres ntawm cov neeg xa khoom, nrog kev sib txuas zaum kawg ntawm tooj liab.FTTN (Fiber rau ntawm)Kev txiav txim siab fiber ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob ze ntawm ib co mais ntawm cov neeg rau npe, siv tooj liab rau lub mais kawg. Kev ua tau zoo me ntsis raws li tooj liab nrug ua kom muaj zog: FTB xa 100-500mbps, FTTN muab 10-50Mbps nyob ntawm tooj liab nrug.
Deb npaum li cas Pon tshuab xa khoom tsis muaj qhab nia rov qab?
Txheem Pon Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Txhawb Nqa 20 Kilmeters los ntawm olt rau ont yam tsis muaj ib qho kev nquag. Txuas -} mus txog pon variants (siv ntau dua {{{{} 60 kilation, tab sis nrog kev txo cov sib faib sib cais (1:16 hloov 1:32). Qhov kev txwv tsis pub siv kho qhov hluav taws xob-teeb meem poob ntawm cov kab ke fiber ntau, thiab cov khoom lag luam poob qis yuav tsum nyob hauv cov neeg tau txais kev txwv tsis pub dhau. Txhua tus mais ntxiv ~ 0.35db poob, txhua 1: 2 cais ntxiv ~ 3.5db, txhua lub txuas ntxiv ~ 0.3dB. TAG NRHO NYIAJ THEM LOS NTAWM OLT RAU OTT: 28-32DB nyob ntawm Pon tus qauv.
Vim li cas qee cov fttx tso tawm ua tsis tiav lossis kev paub dhau los?
Cov thawj coj ua:Tsis muaj hmoo ntawm khoov(micro - nrib pleb tsim teeb liab poob),Dhuav Kev Tsis Txaus(30-40% ntawm kev ua tiav),Kev Tso Cai Tsis Yog(tshaj cov nyiaj poob qis),Kev ntsuam xyuas tsis txaus thaum teeb tsa(Tsis muaj qhov pib otd ntsuas),Dej So(hauv kev kaw tsis zoo), thiabTsis muaj kev saib xyuas tej thaj chaw deb(reactive vs. proactive o & m). Kev ntsuam xyuas kom raug thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, khi cov fiber ntau, khoov - Cov pa roj teeb, thiab cov chaw taws teeb cov platform txo cov chaw taws teeb txo cov kev tsis ua tiav los ntawm 60-80%.
Tuaj yeem gpon thiab xgs - pon coexist ntawm tib cov fiber ntau cov cuab yeej siv?
Yog lawm, dhau ntawm wavelength division multipxing. GPon siv 1490nm ownstream thiab 1310nm ntws los. Xgs {{4 4}} pa US siv 1577nm downstream thiab 1270nm ntws los. Cov wavelength txawv no ib txhij ntawm tib lub fiber yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. WDM lim ntawm OLT cais thiab sib xyaw ua ke wavelengths. Qhov no ua rau kev nce qib ntxiv -}}}}}} pa fiber ntau tsob ntoo, txo cov nqi hloov kho thiab cov nyom.
Yuav tsum tau kuaj dab tsi thaum lub sijhawm FTTX intration?
Thaum kev tsim kho:OTDr (Optical lub sijhawm ua raws li kev pom muaj fiber ntau, kev sib tw yog qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov tsis huv. Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (OPM) Kuaj cov cim qhia lub zog los ntawm ALT rau OTT ua tau raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Vision Khawv Qhov Chaw (VFF) muab cov tshev rov qab sai.Tshaj tawm - Installation:Bidirectional otdr los ntawm ob xaus qhia tawm cov teeb meem asymmetric. Thaum kawg - rau -}}}} {kawg los ntawm kev kuaj cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag.Cov Ntaub Ntawv:Sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas, cov kev sib txig sib luag, thiab ntau dhau lawm cable cia chaw nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus no.
Huab cua yuav cuam tshuam FTTX System ua tau li cas?
Fiber ntau cov fiber ntau yog tiv thaiv huab cua, tab sis cov qauv teeb tsa teeb tsa.Qhov kub tshaj:Fiber nws tus kheej zam rau -40℃rau +70 degree, tab sis cov hlua cable tuaj yeem tawg hauv qhov txias txias yog tias khoov thaum lub teeb tsa.Nws noo:Dej ingress hauv kev kaw tsis zoo ua rau cov khoom lag luam luv luv (rau cov khoom siv muaj zog) thiab corrosion.Xob Laim:Txhua {- Dielectric fiber ntau, tab sis nws yog xim hlau zog tuaj yeem ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv av tseem ceeb.Cov khoom lag luam ICE:Aerial cables muaj kev paub ntau nro los ntawm cov dej khov nce ntxiv, muaj peev xwm tshaj li kev sib tsoo.Cua:Aerial Cable Sway tuaj yeem ntxhov siab splice kaw. Kev daws: Kev xaiv cable kom zoo (txhua -}}}}}}}}} Cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov lus dev uas txaus khov.
Cov kab hauv qab: lub teeb -}} based infrastructure, tiag {1} he} ntiaj teb kev txwv
FTTX Solutions ua haujlwm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov plaub hau sib txuas, ua ke cov neeg ua haujlwm sib txawv Kev faib rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo.
Cov thev naus laus zis yog muaj kuab heev. Lub physics yog pov thawj. Cov qauv yog cov laus.
Tab sis FTTX txoj kev vam meej yog nyob ntawm qhov kev tsim kho tshiab thiab ntau dua ntawm kev siv neeg, tswj kev lag luam muaj, thiab kev tswj hwm muaj kev lag luam. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tiav FTTX xa tawm thiab ib qho tsis tau xaiv tsis tshua muaj kev xaiv ntawm GPon - pon. Nws yog seb koj puas tau tso cai ua ntej kev tsim kho, txawm tias koj cov kev ua fiber ntau, thiab siv rau cov chaw taws teeb tswj cov chaw taws teeb uas tiv thaiv cov tsheb yob.
Cov tes hauj lwm yeej lub ntiaj teb fiber ntau haiv neeg tsis yog xa tawm cov tswv cuab cov khawv koob. Lawv tau ua haujlwm hauv cov qauv nyiaj: txoj cai {{{- qhov chaw muaj hnub nyoog rau lawv cov theem, kom raug cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, thiab kev tswj hwm cov chaw taws teeb. Lawv nkag siab tias lub teeb travels 186,000 mais ib ob, tab sis txheej txheem sijhawm sijhawm txav ntawm kev ceev pom kev tso cai ntawm kev tso cai ntawm kev tso cai ntawm kev tso cai.
Xaiv koj cov thev naus laus zis FTTX raws li bandwidth tej yam yuav tsum muaj thiab txhim kho ncua sij hawm. Xgs - pon rau cov khoom siv tshiab, gpon rau cov peev nyiaj - Constrained xa, nquag Eeternet rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Tab sis xaiv koj tus khub xa tawm, kev sim ua raws cov qauv, thiab O & ME & ME & ME & ME & ME & ME & ME & ME & ME & MONEY}}}}}}}}}} xaus cov tsheb yob.
Lub teeb Travels ntawm Fiber Optic Ceev. Txhua tsav txhua yam mus ncig ntawm qhov ceev ntawm tiag tiag- ntiaj teb kev txiav txim siab.