Kev xaiv ntawm ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm qhov muag thiab qhov hluav taws xob sib cuam tshuam tsis yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev tshaj tawm ib qho kev siv tshuab sai dua lossis ntau dua. Cov lus nug tseem ceeb hauv engineering yog qhov twg txhua qhov nruab nrab haum nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau bandwidth, ncav cuag, lub zog, qhov ntom ntom, latency thiab lifecycle- lub hnab ntawv tus nqi.
Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ncav cuag luv. Qhov tseeb, tam sim no OIF ua haujlwm rau224 Gb/s-chav kawm hluav taws xob interfaceslub hom phiaj chip-rau-module, chip-rau-chip thiab backplane/copper- cable applications. Cov kev sib txuas kho qhov muag ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua thaum ncav cuag, sib sau ua ke bandwidth thiab cabling ceev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hluav taws xob poob thiab sib npaug pib siv zog ntau dua thiab tsim cov paj.
Phau ntawv qhia no muab piv rau ob ntawm qhov ua tiav - theem txuas thiab muab cov piv txwv crossover ua piv txwv es tsis tso siab rau ib qho kev ncua deb.
Optical vs Electrical Interconnect ntawm ib ntsia
| Qhov xwm txheej | Hluav taws xob sib txuas | Optical Interconnect |
|---|---|---|
| kis nruab nrab | PCB kab, backplanes, twinax, twisted khub los yog lwm yam conductive paths | Multimode fiber ntau, ib zaug -mode fiber lossis photonic waveguides |
| Zoo tshaj - paub lub zog | Luv - ncav cuag qhov yooj yim, paub tab ecosystem thiab tus nqi qis | High bandwidth dhau mus ntev dua, EMI kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab thiab siab cable - ceev efficiency |
| Siab - nrawm ncav cuag siab | Poob, reflections thiab crosstalk nce nrog zaus thiab channel ntev | Fiber txhawb siab -kev sib txuas ceev los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv- nruab nrab mus txog qhov ntev ntev |
| Teeb liab txias | Tej zaum yuav xav tau kev sib npaug, retimers, SerDes siab heev thiab qis - cov ntaub ntawv poob | Yuav tsum tau hloov pauv E/O thiab O/E; retimed lossis linear optical architectures yuav raug siv |
| EMI | Yuav tsum tau tswj | Optical kis nruab nrab yog tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam |
| Hwj chim | Feem ntau ua tau zoo heev ntawm kev ncav cuag luv; fais fab tuaj yeem nce raws li kev sib npaug thiab kev nce ntxiv | Xws li laser, modulator, receiver thiab hloov dua siab tshiab nyiaj siv ua haujlwm; tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thaum hluav taws xob ncav cuag kim hauv watts ib me ntsis |
| Kev xa hluav taws xob | Conductive infrastructure tuaj yeem nqa lub zog hauv cov qauv tsim nyog | Cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag nws tus kheej tsis xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob |
| Ib txwm xa tawm | Hauv cov pob khoom, cov laug cam, chassis thiab luv cable khiav | Khib, kab, pawg, cov ntaub ntawv-center thiab ntev dua- mus txog qhov txuas; nce ze rau xam nyob rau hauv advanced architectures |
Dab tsi yog Kev Sib Txuas Hluav Taws Xob?
Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob xws li PCB kab, txuas, nraub qaum lossis tooj liab cable. Lub transmitter tso tawm hluav taws xob teeb liab, thiab lub receiver reconstructs cov ntaub ntawv tom qab lub teeb liab tau dhau los ntawm cov channel.
Hluav taws xob signaling yog paub tab thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev. Qhov kev sib tw yog tias cov channel tsis nyob twj ywm sib npaug yooj yim siv raws li txoj kab thiab kev ncua deb nce. Attenuation, impedance discontinuities, reflections, crosstalk thiab suab nrov yuav xav tau kom muaj zog transmitter sib npaug, receiver equalization, pem hauv ntej yuam kev kho, retimeing los yog zoo dua cov ntaub ntawv.
OIF's CEI-224G kev ua haujlwm ua kom pom tseeb: hluav taws xob tsis sib xws nrog qhov ceev ceev. CEI-224G-MR project phiaj xwm 144 txog 232 Gb / s signaling tshaj li 500 mm ntawm PCB thiab ib lub connector, thaum CEI-224G-LR lub hom phiaj tib lub teeb liab ntau tshaj li 1000 mm ntawm backplane thiab ntau li ob connectors. Cov no yog txhob txwm tshaj tawm lub cev luv luv, tab sis txoj kab siab heev.
Rau cov pa network cabling, tooj liab tseem muaj txiaj ntsig qhov twg qhov kev teeb tsa interface thiab kev ncua deb haum nws qhov tshwj xeeb. Hengtong covCat 6 thaj cable ntau yamyog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov dav tooj liab ecosystem siv rau luv - ncav cuag Ethernet txuas.
Dab tsi yog Optical Interconnect?
Ib qho optical interconnect nqa lub teeb hloov pauv los ntawm fiber ntau lossis photonic waveguide. Ib qho kev sib txuas ua ke ib txwm muaj xws li hluav taws xob interface, optical transmitter lossis modulator, optical channel, photodetector thiab receiver electronics:
Cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob → optical transmitter → optical channel → optical receiver → hluav taws xob cov ntaub ntawv
Qhov kev hloov dua siab tshiab ntawd tseem ceeb. Fiber nws tus kheej muaj qhov poob qis thiab tiv thaiv EMI, tab sis qhov ua tiav qhov txuas txuas tseem siv hluav taws xob thiab ntxiv kev siv tsis yooj yim. Qhov sib piv kom raug yog li ntawd tsis yog tooj liab cable piv rau liab qab fiber ntau; nws yog ib tug ua tiav transmitter-channel-receiver architecture piv rau lwm tus.
Kev nqis tes ua kuj hloov nrog kev ncua deb.Multimode fiber ntauyog dav siv rau luv -mus txog qhov muag qhov txuas, thaumtib - hom fiber ntautxhawb nqa ntev dua - ncav cuag thiab siab - muaj peev xwm architectures. Ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, kev sib txuas kho qhov muag yog nyob ntawm cov khoom xws lisiab -speed optical transceivers thiab optical Cheebtsam.
Rau qhov sib txawv uas tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qauv tiag tiag
1. Bandwidth thiab ncav cuag yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ua ke
Bandwidth ib leeg tsis txiav txim siab qhov nruab nrab. Ib txoj kab hluav taws xob siab heev - txoj kab hluav taws xob ceev tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj qhov kev tswj hwm luv luv, thaum optics tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev sib sau ua ke bandwidth ntev dua.
Ob tus qauv tsev neeg qhia txog qhov sib txawv. OIF CEI-224G cov haujlwm hluav taws xob nyob ntawm 144–232 Gb/s signaling hla sub-meter board/backplane channels. Nyob rau sab kho qhov muag, IEEE P802.3bs 400GbE cov hauv paus ntsiab lus suav nrog 400GBASE-DR4 rau tsawg kawg 500 m ntawm ib qho - hom fiber ntau, ib qho 2 km ib zaug- hom-fiber hom phiaj thiab 10 km ib leeg{12. Cov no tsis yog ib qho ncaj qha -rau-ib qho kev hloov pauv, tab sis lawv qhia tias yog vim li cas lub ntiaj teb "crossover nrug" ua rau tsis meej: cov lus teb yog nyob ntawm qhov tsim interface thiab cov chav kawm txuas.
| Illustrative interface chav kawm | Cov ntaub ntawv - qeb kawm | Ua piv txwv | Qhov nws piav qhia |
|---|---|---|---|
| OIF CEI-224G-MR hluav taws xob | 144-232 Gb/s signaling ib txoj kab | Txog li 500 hli PCB, mus txog rau ib qho txuas | Txoj kab siab heev tuaj yeem nyob hauv hluav taws xob thaum ncav cuag nruj nruj |
| OIF CEI-224G-LR hluav taws xob | 144-232 Gb/s signaling ib txoj kab | Txog li 1000 hli backplane, mus txog ob lub connectors | Kev ncav cuag hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv, tab sis cov peev nyiaj channel tau ua tib zoo tswj |
| IEEE 400GBASE-DR4 kho qhov muag | 400 Gb / s tag nrho | Tsawg kawg yog 500 m SMF | High aggregate bandwidth tshaj cov ntaub ntawv -center-scale ncav cuag |
| IEEE 400GbE optical tsev neeg | 400 Gb / s tag nrho | 2 km thiab 10 km SMF lub hom phiaj | Optical ncav cuag ncua deb dhau lub nkoj thiab passive- cov chav kawm tooj liab |
CovIEEE P802.3bs cov ntsiab lus tseem ceebmuaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum pab pawg tsim qauv xav tau txuas cov ntaub ntawv- tus nqi lub hom phiaj mus rau qhov chaw ncav cuag qhov tseeb es tsis txhob siv cov lus tsis meej xws li "kev kub ceev" lossis "ntev deb."
2. Teeb liab kev ncaj ncees dhau los ua ib qho teeb meem sib txawv
Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum tswj xyuas qhov poob, rov qab poob, kev xav, crosstalk thiab EMI. Siab- cov channel ceev feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov kev tswj hwm impedance, connector tsim, SerDes sib npaug thiab channel simulation.
Fiber tshem tawm ob peb ntawm cov teeb meem hluav taws xob -channel. Nws tsis ua hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab tsis raug rau EMI raws li tooj liab. Qhov ntawd tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv qhov chaw muaj suab nrov lossis thaum ntau qhov siab - cov kab nrawm yuav tsum dhau ntawm qhov chaw kaw.
Optics tsis tshem tawm engineering complex; nws hloov qhov nyuaj. Cov kws tsim kho qhov muag yuav tsum tswj cov laser lossis qhov chaw sib koom ua ke, kev sib txuas tsis sib txuas, kev sib txuas huv, kev sib haum xeeb, kev kuaj pom, thermal cwj pwm thiab ntim khoom kho qhov muag.
3. Lub hwj chim muaj kev sib tw, tsis yog tus yeej Universal
Ib qho txuas hluav taws xob luv luv yuav muaj zog heev -ntau vim tias nws tsis txhob hloov kho qhov muag. Raws li cov hluav taws xob channel ua nyuaj, txawm li cas los xij, kev sib npaug ntau dua, kev rov ua dua lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob yuav xav tau. Optical links qhia lawv tus kheej laser, modulator thiab receiver zog.
Tias yog vim li cas lub zog ib me ntsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li nug seb "fiber siv lub zog tsawg dua."OIF's system-cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muaj rau lub zog-kev cuam tshuam zoomuab cov hom phiaj siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li qhov kev thov thoob ntiaj teb: ib qho pem hauv ntej -kawg kho qhov muag- kev sib txuas siv cov ntaub ntawv hu rau tsawg dua 10 pJ / ntsis rau lub tshuab kho qhov muag ntxiv rau laser, thaum lub nraub qaum- kawg interconnect rooj plaub lub hom phiaj zoo hauv qab 4 pJ / ntsis. Cov no yog cov qauv tsim thiab cov hom phiaj, tsis tau lees paub kev ntsuas rau txhua yam khoom siv kho qhov muag.
Tib daim ntawv OIF kuj tseem cais cov nplais xa tawm: pem hauv ntej- cov ntaub ntawv kawg- nruab nrab kev sib txuas tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 0–500 m thiab qee zaum mus txog 2 km; rov qab-kawg accelerator interconnects tau mus txog 300 m; thiab hauv zos xam interconnects yog piav nyob rau hauv lub 7-10 m ntau. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los xav txog qhov crossover dua li kev tshawb nrhiav ib qho kev ua khawv koob deb.
4. Latency nyob ntawm qhov txuas tag nrho
Optical yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho raws li qhov qis dua -latency xaiv. Kev nthuav tawm tsuas yog ib feem ntawm qhov kawg - mus rau - kawg latency. Ib qho kev sib txuas kho qhov muag yuav suav nrog kev hloov pauv, hluav taws xob- mus rau - hloov kho qhov muag, kev ntsuas qhov pom, FEC thiab kev ua cov khoom txais. Ib qho kev txuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem suav nrog serialization, sib npaug, FEC thiab retimers.
Yog tias latency yog ib qho kev txwv tsim, piv rau tag nrho txoj hauv kev los ntawm transmitter mus rau receiver, nrog rau txhua qhov retimer, DSP thiab FEC theem. Ib txoj hauv kev luv luv nrog kev ua haujlwm hnyav tuaj yeem poob mus rau txoj hauv kev ntev dua nrog cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim dua.
5. Ceev, Cable Bulk thiab Airflow ua System Constraints
Ntawm qhov ntsuas, qhov teeb meem tsis yog ntau npaum li cas gigabits ib qhov txuas txuas. Nws yog ntau npaum li cas bandwidth tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, cable tais, khib lossis hloov pob yam tsis muaj kev thaiv huab cua lossis siv ntau qhov chaw routing.
Fiber muaj peev xwm nqa tau siab aggregate bandwidth nyob rau hauv ib tug kuj me me cable cross-section. Parallel-optics architectures kuj siv ntau- fiber ntau txuas xws liMPO / MTP cov khoom, uas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv siab -cov ntaub ntawv ceev- nruab nrab cabling.
6. Tus nqi hloov pauv thaum koj txav los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv mus rau tus nqi ntawm lub neej
Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob feem ntau yeej ntawm tus nqi pib ntawm kev ncav cuag luv. Optical links ntxiv transceivers, optical interfaces thiab fiber ntau - kev tswj cov kev cai. Qhov ntawd tsis txhais hais tias optics tau txais tus nqi qis dua ntawm qhov ntsuas.
Kev sib piv TCO muaj txiaj ntsig yuav tsum suav nrog:
- cable, connector thiab transceiver nqi;
- retimer, AEC los yog teeb liab - kho hluav taws xob;
- hloov thiab NIC chaw nres nkoj fais fab;
- cua txias cuam tshuam nrog txuas hluav taws xob;
- chaw nres nkoj ceev thiab faceplate txwv;
- installation thiab kev siv zog;
- txhim kho lub voj voog thiab seb qhov nruab nrab nruab puas tuaj yeem txhawb kev cuam tshuam yav tom ntej.
Es tsis txhob xav tias ib qho nruab nrab muaj TCO qis dua, tsim qhov kev sib piv nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj tiag tiag, ncav cuag thiab xav tias yuav hloov lub qab ntug.
Thaum Hluav taws xob sib txuas feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua
Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob feem ntau yog nyiam thaum cov channel yog lub cev luv thiab cov hluav taws xob xaiv tau muaj cov teeb liab yooj yim -kev ncaj ncees margin.
- Hauv ib pob, board lossis chassis:Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob zam kev hloov kho qhov muag tsis tsim nyog thiab siv cov qauv tsim qauv ecosystem.
- luv cable khiav nrog tus qauv tooj liab tsim:tooj liab tuaj yeem yooj yim, pheej yig thiab yooj yim rau kev pabcuam.
- Lub zog yuav tsum mus nrog kev sib txuas:conductive infrastructure tseem yuav tsum tau. Yog tias ib qhov project xav tau ob qho tib si kho qhov muag cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub zog hauv ib qho kev siv cable, aphotoelectric composite cabletuaj yeem ua ke fiber ntau thiab hluav taws xob conductors, tab sis cov fibers optical lawv tus kheej tsis nqa hluav taws xob.
- Qhov xav tau bandwidth yog yooj yim hauv qab cov hluav taws xob channel txwv:ntxiv optics tsis tsim nqi yog tias qhov txuas hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm ua tau raws li qhov ncav cuag, lub zog thiab qhov ntom ntom.
Thaum Optical Interconnect ua qhov kev xaiv muaj zog
Cov ntaub ntawv rau optics ntxiv dag zog thaum ntau qhov kev txwv tshwm sim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm es tsis yog thaum ib tus lej hla qhov pib ruaj khov.
- Kev ncav yog txav los ntawm pawg thawj coj / chassis nplai mus rau khib, kab lossis cov ntaub ntawv - nruab nrab nplai.
- Aggregate bandwidth tau nce nrawm dua li qhov muaj hluav taws xob channel margin.
- Retimeing, sib npaug los yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tooj liab siv tau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov peev nyiaj siv hluav taws xob.
- EMI, crosstalk lossis grounding txwv tsis yooj yim los tswj.
- Qhov chaw nres nkoj ceev, cable bulk lossis airflow tau dhau los ua kev txwv lub cev.
- Cov nroj tsuag cabling yuav tsum txhawb nqa ntau tiam neeg yav tom ntej ntawm siab -kev sib tshuam ceev.
Cov xwm txheej no muaj nyob rau hauv siab -kev suav thiabdata-qhov chaw txuas, qhov twg tib lub kaw lus yuav siv hluav taws xob txuas hauv servers thiab optical txuas ntawm racks lossis hloov txheej.
Crossover Point: Siv qhov ncav-Bandwidth-Power Matrix
Tsis muaj universal nrug qhov twg tooj liab nres thiab optics pib. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua yog faib cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev thiab tom qab ntawd sim seb qhov kev siv hluav taws xob puas tseem muaj cov npoo.
| Kev sib txuas nplai | Cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob | Thaum optics nce qhov hnyav |
|---|---|---|
| Pob / board, centimeters mus txog 1 m | Feem ntau muaj zog; OIF txhais 112G- thiab 224G-chav kawm hluav taws xob cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau cov channel no | Thaum I / O ceev, lub zog ib me ntsis los yog pob khiav dhau los ua qhov kev txwv tseem ceeb |
| Sab hauv khib / nyob ib sab racks, ob peb meters | DAC, AEC thiab lwm yam kev xaiv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob ntawm qhov cuam tshuam thiab peev nyiaj siv hluav taws xob | Thaum aggregate bandwidth, cable bulk los yog active -cable hwj chim yuav nyuaj rau scale |
| Pawg / kab, kaum mus rau pua pua meters | Kev xaiv hluav taws xob nqaim thaum ncav cuag nce | Optics feem ntau nyiam rau bandwidth ceev, EMI tiv thaiv thiab ncav cuag |
| Cov ntaub ntawv- nruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg, ntau pua metres rau mais | Tsis yog lub npe ib txwm muaj ntawm siab - ceev board / tooj liab interconnects | Optical Ethernet tsev neeg yog tsim los rau 500 m, 2 km, 10 km thiab ntev mus txog cov chav kawm |
Rau AI/HPC tshwj xeeb, OIF lub zog- ua haujlwm tau zoo- cov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam tso rau pem hauv ntej - kawg, rov qab - kawg thiab hauv zos suav txuas hauv ntau qhov sib txawv thiab lub zog. Hengtong's guide totooj liab piv rau fiber ntau hauv AI data centerstuaj yeem siv ua raws li - ntawm kev nyeem thaum qhov kev txiav txim siab khi rau AI pawg architecture es tsis yog kev sib tham dav dav.
Optical thiab hluav taws xob sib txuas feem ntau ua haujlwm ua ke
Ntau lub tshuab niaj hnub yog hybrid los ntawm kev tsim. Cov teeb liab hluav taws xob tseem ua tau zoo nyob ze rau cov processors, nco, hloov ASICs thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov txuas hloov mus rau optics qhov kev ncua deb, bandwidth ceev lossis teeb liab -kev ncaj ncees siab ua rau kev hloov dua siab tshiab.
Qhov kev hloov pauv tseem txav mus. OIF's co- ntim ua haujlwm txhais tau tias 3.2 Tb/s co- ntim module rau Ethernet hloov daim ntawv thov thiab lub hom phiaj kwv yees li 140 Gb/s ib millimeter ntawm ntug bandwidth. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam yog txo qhov ntev ntawm qhov siab - ceev hluav taws xob txoj kev ntawm ASIC thiab lub tshuab kho qhov muag es tsis txhob tshem tawm cov teeb liab hluav taws xob tag nrho.
CovOIF 3.2T co- daim ntawv cog lus ua haujlwm ntim khoomyog ib qho tseem ceeb siv rau kev nkag siab yog vim li cas "optical piv rau hluav taws xob" yog nce ntxiv rau cov lus nug ntawm kev tso chaw architectural.
Kev Ntseeg Tsis Zoo
"Optical yog ib txwm sai dua."
Tsis yog. Optical muaj bandwidth loj thiab ncav cuag qhov zoo, tab sis kawg - mus rau - qhov kawg kev ua tau zoo kuj nyob ntawm transmitter, receiver, DSP, FEC thiab raws tu qauv. Ib qho hluav taws xob luv luv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov nrog tsawg dua cov theem hloov dua siab tshiab.
"Optical ib txwm siv lub zog tsawg dua."
Tsis yog. Ib qho txuas hluav taws xob luv luv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev. Optical ua kom zoo nkauj dua thaum ua tiav kev siv hluav taws xob xav tau kev sib txig sib luag, rov ua haujlwm lossis siv hluav taws xob cable. Sib piv pJ/ntsis rau qhov txuas tiav.
"Copper yog obsolete."
Tsis yog. OIF tab tom txiav txim siab 224 Gb/s-chav kawm hluav taws xob cuam tshuam rau - tiam tom ntej. Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob tseem ceeb nyob ze rau kev suav thiab hauv cov khoom siv.
"Optical interconnect txhais tau tias fiber ntau."
Tsis yog. Ib qho kev sib txuas kho qhov muag muaj xws li electro- cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, ntim khoom thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov fiber ntau yuav yog qhov qis tshaj - poob ib feem ntawm cov channel, tab sis nws tsis yog tag nrho cov kab ke.
Cov lus nug nquag
Nyob ntawm qhov deb li cas yuav tsum tau hluav taws xob interconnect hloov los ntawm optical?
Tsis muaj universal nrug. Ntawm cov kab khiav siab heev, cov qauv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua kom zoo rau cov kab hluav taws xob sub-meter board thiab backplane channels, thaum cov qauv kho qhov muag Ethernet txhawb nqa ntau pua meters lossis mais. Qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum ua ke kom ncav cuag, txoj kab khiav, sib sau ua ke bandwidth, lub zog, ceev thiab tus nqi.
Puas yog optical interconnect zoo dua rau AI cov chaw zov me nyuam?
Nws feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov ntsuas - tawm thiab siab - qhov sib txuas ceev, tab sis cov kev sib txuas hluav taws xob tseem muaj ntau qhov kev sib txuas luv luv ze rau cov accelerators thiab hloov silicon. OIF cov kev cai tam sim no qhia meej meej rau pem hauv ntej- kawg, rov qab-kawg thiab hauv zos suav sib cuam tshuam raws li qhov chaw sib txawv.
Puas yog optical interconnect txo latency?
Tsis tau. Optical propagation tsuas yog ib feem ntawm latency. Kev hloov pauv, DSP thiab FEC tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau npaum li qhov nruab nrab. Sib piv cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho.
Puas yog optical interconnect nqa hluav taws xob?
Optical fiber tsis yog. Yuav tsum muaj nyias tus neeg xyuas pib. Hybrid lossis photoelectric composite cable tuaj yeem tso cov fibers thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tib lub cable siv thaum xav tau cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub zog.
Dab tsi yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib piv lub zog?
Siv ua tiav - txuas lub zog ib me ntsis, ua ke nrog tag nrho cov chaw nres nkoj fais fab thiab kev ua kom txias. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib leeg tuaj yeem zais tus nqi retimers, DSP, lasers lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob nyob rau lwm qhov hauv txoj kev.
Yuav co-pob optics hloov pluggable optics thiab hluav taws xob interconnects?
Tsis yog universal hloov. Co-packaged optics yog ib qho qauv tsim rau coj lub tshuab kho qhov muag los ze zog rau kev hloov lossis xam cov silicon. Pluggable optics, active hluav taws xob cables, passive tooj liab thiab boards - theem hluav taws xob txuas yuav txuas ntxiv kom haum rau qhov sib txawv, kev pabcuam, nqi thiab lub zog yuav tsum tau ua.
Thaum kawg Takeaway
Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob yog qhov muaj zog tshaj qhov uas lub cev muaj zog yog luv luv, lub interface muaj cov teeb liab txaus -kev ncaj ncees margin thiab simplicity los yog tsis tshua muaj nqi pib. Kev sib txuas kho qhov muag yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li kev ncav cuag, sib sau ua ke bandwidth, EMI kev tiv thaiv thiab bandwidth ceev thawb cov hluav taws xob channel mus rau hnyav dua sib npaug, rov ua dua lossis ua haujlwm - cable fais fab.
Yog li ntawd, lub crossover tsis yog ib tug taag naj npawb ntawm meters. Nws yog lub ntsiab lus uas qhov txuas hluav taws xob ua tiav tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau bandwidth, ncav cuag, lub zog, qhov ceev, latency thiab lifecycle- lub hnab ntawv tus nqi nrog cov paj zoo.
Txhais cov kev txwv ntawd ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd sib piv ua tiav hluav taws xob thiab kho qhov muag architectures ntawm tib cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi thiab ncav cuag. Hauv ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm siab -, cov qauv tsim zoo tshaj plaws tsis yog kho qhov muag lossis hluav taws xob hauv kev sib cais; nws yog ib qho kev hloov pauv los ntawm hluav taws xob signaling nyob ze ntawm silicon mus rau optical signaling qhov deb thiab bandwidth ceev qhia nws.