Multi-core fiber (MCF) yog ib hom fiber ntau kho qhov muag uas sib txuas nrog ntau lub teeb pom kev ywj pheej- xa cov cores nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cladding, siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hu ua space division multiplexing (SDM) kom xa cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas ib txhij. Nyob rau niaj hnub no lub sij hawm ntawm tawg AI xam lub hwj chim thiab ceev evolution ntawm 6G technology, kho qhov muag kev sib txuas lus - "cov ntaub ntawv hlab ntsha" ntawm cov kev lag luam digital - tab tom ntsib cov teeb meem uas tsis tau muaj dua. Kab lus no tshawb txog ntau yam -core fiber ntau yog dab tsi, R&D keeb kwm yav dhau los, nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios, cov kev sib tw tam sim no, nrog rau Hengtong txoj kev teeb tsa thiab kev cia siab rau yav tom ntej hauv daim teb no, pab koj nkag siab txog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb uas qhib tom ntej - tiam kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag.
Multi-Core Fiber yog dab tsi thiab Vim Li Cas Nws Tseem Ceeb Tam Sim No?
Multi-core fiber yog hais txog ib qho fiber ntau optical uas muaj ob lossis ntau qhov sib cais hauv ib lub iav cladding - feem ntau nrog tib tus qauv 125 µm txheej kab uas siv los ntawm cov patib - hom fiber ntau. Txhua qhov tseem ceeb ua haujlwm raws li kev ywj pheej kis tau tus mob, tso cai rau ntau lub teeb liab kho qhov muag mus los ntawm ib qho fiber ntau ib txhij. Ib qho plaub-core MCF, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem nqa kwv yees li plaub npaug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib qho -core fiber ntau hauv tib lub cev hneev taw.
Nrog rau hauv - qhov tob nrov ntawm kev txawj ntse txawj ntse, cov ntaub ntawv loj, thiab huab xam, nrog rau kev nrawm ua ntej - tshawb fawb ntawm 6G thev naus laus zis, qhov kev thov rau cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm tau qhia txog kev loj hlob, thiab qhov tsis txaus ntawm ib txwm ib txwm muaj - hom fiber ntau tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Ib txwm ib txwm- hom fiber ntau yog txwv los ntawm qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm Shannon, thiab nws lub peev xwm kis tau mus txog lub cev sab saud, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev txhawb nqa EB- qib cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thiab trillion- qib kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom xav tau ntawm 6G era, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau nruj rau siab -density{1} kev sib tshuam ultra1}cov chaw zov me nyuam. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv suav nrog NICT thiab Eindhoven University of Technology tau lees paub, cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi hauv kev sib txuas kho qhov muag yuav tsum loj hlob dhau qhov kev txwv tseem ceeb ntawm tus qauv tam sim no ib leeg - hom fiber ntau network (Nature Communications, 2025).
Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, ntau - cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau tau tshwm sim los ua cov kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb los rhuav tshem lub peev xwm fwj. Los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov loj me tshiab - qhov chaw - MCF tsim cov kev sib txuas kho qhov muag nyob rau hauv ib qho fiber ntau, feem ntau piav qhia tias kev hloov kho dua tshiab los ntawm "ib zaug- txoj kab" mus rau "ntau- txoj kab."
Qhov zoo thiab nta: Ntau tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm, kev sib tw ua tiav
Piv nrog rau ib txwm ib txwm siv - hom fiber ntau, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Hengtong's MCF yog qhov tshwm sim hauv peb yam.
Ua ntej, lub peev xwm ua tiav kev loj hlob exponential.Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntau cov tub ntxhais ywj pheej hauv ib qho fiber ntau, MCF yog sib npaug rau kev txhim kho "ib zaug- txoj kab" mus rau "ntau- txoj kab." Yog tias tsis muaj cov fibers ntau ntxiv lossis tso cov kav dej ntxiv, qhov kev sib kis tau tuaj yeem nce ntau zaus lossis ntau ntau zaus, thiab ib qho - fiber ntau kis tau tus nqi tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib Tbps, zoo kawg nkaus tawg lub peev xwm ntawm cov tsoos fiber ntau. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau lees paub ntxiv qhov muaj peev xwm no - ib pab pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tau pom petabit-ib - thib ob- cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau chav kawm siv 19-core MCF nrog tus qauv cladding txoj kab uas hla.
Qhov thib ob, kev poob qis, kev ruaj ntseg siab, thiab kev yoog raws cov xwm txheej nyuaj.Hengtong tus kheej tsim MCF tau txais cov qauv ntshiab silica core thiab tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cheeb tsam. Lub attenuation ntawm 1550 nm tuaj yeem tswj tau hauv 0.17 dB / km, thiab crosstalk tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau −50 dB. Qhov kev poob yog txo los ntawm ntau dua 20% piv nrog ib txwm MCF. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo heev thiab tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam thiab kev co, thiab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ntau yam kev thov ib puag ncig xws li sab nraum zoov, seabeds, thiab cov ntaub ntawv chaw.
Thib peb, kev sib koom ua ke siab, kev hloov pauv siab, thiab txo cov nqi xa mus.Qhov ntim ntawm MCF yog sib npaug rau cov tsoos ib leeg - hom fiber ntau, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev sib kis ntau dua, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov chaw thiab tus nqi ntau dua.fiber tsothiab kev xa khoom siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw nruj xws li cov chaw zov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov pob txha caj qaum. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog sib xws nrog cov kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag uas twb muaj lawm, paub txog "plug-thiab-play" thiab txo tus nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hloov kho dua tshiab. Txhawm rau cuam tshuam MCF nrog cov txheej txheem ib leeg- cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, cov kiv cua tshwj xeeb-hauv / kiv cua- tawm (FIFO) cov cuab yeej siv, uas ob peb lub teeb los ntawm ib tus neeg ib leeg- cov tub ntxhais fibers rau hauv txhua lub hauv paus ntawm MCF thiab rov ua dua.
Multi-Core Fiber vs. Single-Mode Fiber: Qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb
Cov txiaj ntsig tau piav qhia saum toj no ua kom pom tseeb dua thaum sib piv MCF ncaj qha nrog cov pa ib zaug - hom fiber ntau hla qhov tseem ceeb:
| Parameter | Ib qho yooj yim -Mode Fiber (SMF) | Multi-Core Fiber (MCF, xws li Hengtong 4-core) |
|---|---|---|
| Tus naj npawb ntawm cov cores | 1 | 2, 4, 7, 12, 19, lossis ntau dua |
| Cladding txoj kab uas hla | 125 µm | 125 µm (tus qauv- cladding designs) los yog loj dua |
| Muaj peev xwm ntawm fiber ntau | txwv los ntawm nonlinear Shannon txwv | Scales nrog cov tub ntxhais suav - ib zaug - fiber ntau tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib Tbps |
| Attenuation ntawm 1550 nm | Feem ntau ~ 0.18–0.20 dB/km (G.652.D) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.17 dB / km (Hengtong MCF, ntshiab silica core tsim) |
| Inter-cov ntsiab lus sib tham | Tsis siv tau (ib qho tseem ceeb) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau −50 dB (Hengtong MCF) |
| Environmental adaptability | Txheem ntsuas kub thiab kev vibration | Tsim los rau sab nraum zoov, seabeds, thiab cov chaw zov me nyuam nrog qhov kub / qis thiab kev co kuj |
| Lub complexity | Txheem fusion splicing | Yuav tsum tau rotational alignment ntawm cores; tshwj xeeb splicers xav tau |
| Connector ecosystem | Mature, dav standardized | Kev tshwm sim; kiv cua-in/fan- tawm (FIFO) cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau |
| Kev xa tawm qhov chaw thiab tus nqi | Lub hauv paus | Tib fiber ntau ntim, siab dua - txo cov cable suav, conduit qhov chaw, thiab ib -ntsis nqi |
| Kev sib haum xeeb | Universal | Tau tshaj nrog cov kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag uas twb muaj lawm ntawm FIFO li |
| Standardization | Zoo-tsim (ITU-T G.652, G.654, G.657) | Hauv kev kawm (ITU-T G.Sup.87, 2025) |
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias MCF tsis hloov ib qho - hom fiber ntau hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej. Rau ntau yam uas twb muaj lawm nkag thiab metro networks, paoptical fiber ntautseem zoo kawg nkaus. MCF yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas qhov muaj peev xwm ceev - tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib chav tsev ntawm lub cev qhov chaw - yog thawj qhov txwv.
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb rau Multi-Core Fiber
Qhov zoo ntawm MCF - exponential muaj peev xwm loj hlob, tsawg poob, ib puag ncig adaptability, thiab txo tus nqi xa mus rau - ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo- haum rau cov xwm txheej uas muaj peev xwm ceev thiab qhov chaw lub cev muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Submarine cable systemssawv cev rau cov ntaub ntawv siv kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws, qhov twg qhov qis - poob thiab seabed - hloov kho cov khoom ntawm MCF yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Xyoo 2023, Google thiab NEC tau tshaj tawm thawj qhov kev xa mus rau MCF hauv Taiwan-Philippines-US (TPU) submarine cable system, siv ob-core fiber ntau rau ob lub peev xwm ntawm fiber ntau strand (Google Cloud Blog). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, NEC thiab NTT tau qhia txog kev hloov pauv hauv dej hiav txwv -chav kawm 7,280 km kis tau tus mob sim siv 12-core MCF hauv lub Peb Hlis 2024, nthuav tawm ntawm OFC 2024 (NEC Xovxwm Tshaj Tawm). Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no lees paub qhov ua tau zoo ntawm MCF rau ntev -haul, siab - muaj peev xwmunderwater fiber ntau optic cabledaim ntawv thov.
Data Center sib txuasyog lwm qhov siab - daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas qhov kev sib koom ua ke siab thiab qhov chaw -txuag qhov zoo ntawm MCF ncaj qha hais txog qhov tseeb - ntiaj teb kev txwv. Raws li AI kev cob qhia pawg nplai thiab sab hnub tuaj - sab hnub poob kev tsheb khiav ntawm racks loj hlob, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua kom haum ntau dua bandwidth rau hauv cov kav dej thiab qhov chaw tais. Vim tias MCF ua tiav kev sib kis ntau dua nyob rau hauv tib lub ntim fiber ntau raws li ib txwm siv ib zaug - hom fiber ntau, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov chaw thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xa tawm hauv qhov chaw no - txwv ib puag ncig. NTT tau tsim kev tsim kho thiab tu thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb rau plaub -core MCF hauv inter{10}}cov ntaub ntawv chaw txuas (NTT, Nov 2024).
Rov qab thiab ntev - thauj cov tes hauj lwm hauv avsawv cev rau thaj tsam tom ntej. Raws li kev xav tau kev tsheb mus los ze rau lub peev xwm qab nthab ntawm kev siv ib zaug - hom fiber ntau, cov neeg nqa khoom yuav xav tau SDM- raws li kev hloov kho tshiab raurov qab kis tau tus mobinfrastructure. MCF lub peev xwm los ua kom muaj peev xwm yam tsis tau tso cov kav dej ntxiv ua rau nws txoj kev txhim kho kom zoo rau txoj hauv kev qaum qaum uas twb muaj lawm.
Tam sim no Kev Sib Tw Ntawm Ntau - Core Fiber
Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm paub meej thiab tus nqi zoo, MCF tseem tsis tau poob thoob ntiaj teb - hloov pauv rau cov khoom siv fiber ntau. Ntau qhov kev sib tw engineering yuav tsum tau daws rau kev siv dav dav.
Inter-cov ntsiab lus sib thamyog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev txhawj xeeb. Vim tias ntau lub cores sib koom tib lub cladding, lub teeb tuaj yeem ua ob peb ntawm cov cores uas nyob ib sab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob deb. Fiber designers tswj qhov no los ntawm core spacing, trench -pab refractive index profiles, thiab optimized cladding geometry. Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, Hengtong's MCF ua tiav crosstalk tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm −50 dB los ntawm nws cov qauv silica core ntshiab thiab loj tsim cheeb tsam zoo - ib theem txaus rau ntau yam kev siv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tswj hwm qhov kev sib tw qis qis tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab ntau dua txhiab mais tseem yog thaj chaw muaj kev tshawb fawb thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam.
Ntxuam-in/fan- tawm (FIFO) cov khoom sivyuav tsum tau sib txuas MCF nrog tus qauv ib leeg - cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias qhov kev vam meej tseem ceeb tau ua tiav - cov khoom siv nrog kev nkag mus poob qis dua 1 dB ib channel thiab crosstalk hauv qab −40 dB muaj nyob - ua tiav qhov sib xws, qis - tus nqi FIFO kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tseem raug kho kom zoo. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom paub qhov "plug-thiab-play" kev sib raug zoo uas ua rau MCF siv tau rau kev hloov kho network.
Splicing thiab connectorizationntxiv complexity. Tsis zoo li ib qho - tub ntxhais fiber ntau, MCF splicing yuav tsum muaj kev sib hloov kev sib hloov ntawm txhua cores ib txhij. Tshwj xeeb fusion splicers tau tsim, tab sis cov txheej txheem yog ntau dua li cov pafiber splicing thiab kuaj.
Amplificationnthuav tawm lwm qhov kev sib tw. Multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (MC-EDFA) yuav tsum ua kom txhua tus cores sib npaug, uas yog qhov nyuaj tshaj qhov ua kom muaj zog ib leeg. Pump xa thiab nce kev sib npaug ntawm cov cores yog cov ncauj lus tshawb fawb nquag.
Standardizationtab tom ua tab sis tseem tsis tau tiav. ITU-T Study Group 15 tau tshaj tawm cov kev pabcuam ntawm SDM fiber ntau, suav nrog ITU-T G.Sup.87 (Lub Peb Hlis 2025), uas hais txog SDM fiber ntau cov kev faib tawm, kev sim, thiab kev txiav txim siab xa mus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv sib koom ua ke rau MCF cov khoom sib txuas, cables, thiab cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa tseem tab tom txhim kho.
Hengtong's MCF R & D thiab yav tom ntej Outlook
Hengtong Optoelectronics tau mob siab rau kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab tso tawm MCF R & D ua ntej. Relying ntawm lub tuam txhab kev txawj ntse tsub kom nyob rau hauv luboptical fiber thiab cable cov ntaub ntawvteb, nws tau kov yeej cov teeb meem tseem ceeb xws li kev poob qis thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib tham, thiab ua tiav qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw muaj txiaj ntsig loj ultra-tsawg poob plaub-core fiber, tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev lag luam ntawm MCF.
Saib tom ntej, Hengtong npaj yuav tsom mus ntxiv rau 6G qhov chaw faib multiplexing thev naus laus zis thiab ultra- cov ntaub ntawv poob qis R&D, ntxiv kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm MCF, tawg los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais siab dua suav dhau plaub cores, thiab txhawb cov khoom lag luam txhawm rau txhim kho lub peev xwm ntau dua, poob qis, thiab kev hloov pauv dav dua. Lub tuam txhab tseem muaj lub hom phiaj ntxiv dag zog rau kev koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb, cov chaw muab kev pabcuam huab, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm los txhawb nqa - daim ntawv thov loj ntawm MCF thoob ntiaj teb.
MCF kev ua lag luam tau cia siab tias yuav loj hlob zoo nyob rau xyoo tom ntej. Raws li kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam los ntawm Kev Lag Luam Kev Loj Hlob, kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb MCF muaj nqis kwv yees li $ 16.9 lab hauv xyoo 2025 thiab tau kwv yees tias yuav loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm ntau dua 34% los ntawm kaum xyoo tom ntej, uas tau tsav los ntawm kev xav tau nce siab rau - muaj peev xwm kis tau tus kab mob hauv submarine cables, cov chaw zov me nyuam, thiab tom ntej no {5}. Nrog kev nqis peev txuas ntxiv hauv R & D thiab kev lag luam, Hengtong lub hom phiaj los ua ib qho tseem ceeb pab rau qhov kev hloov pauv sai sai no. Cov neeg nyeem txaus siab rau Hengtong lub peev xwm dav tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas lub tuam txhaboptical cable khoom ntau yamthiabua tiav qhov project rooj plaub.
Cov lus nug nquag nug txog Multi-Core Fiber
Multi{0}}core fiber ntau yog dab tsi?
Multi- tub ntxhais fiber ntau yog ib qho fiber ntau optical uas muaj ob lossis ntau lub teeb pom kev ywj pheej- xa cov cores hauv ib lub iav cladding. Txhua tus tub ntxhais muaj peev xwm nqa tau cov ntaub ntawv sib cais, tso cai rau cov fiber ntau xa tawm ntau lub teeb liab nyob rau hauv tib lub sijhawm siv qhov chaw faib faib multiplexing (SDM). Qhov no ua rau ib qho - fiber ntau kis tau tus mob ntawm qib Tbps.
MCF txawv ntawm multimode fiber ntau li cas?
Cov no yog cov tswvyim sib txawv. Multimode fiber ntau muaj ib qho tseem ceeb nrog txoj kab uas hla loj dua uas txhawb nqa ntau hom kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub teeb. Multi-core fiber ntau muaj ntau qhov sib cais, txhua qhov feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv ib hom - hom. MCF multiplies muaj peev xwm los ntawm kev ntxiv spatial channels (cores), thaum multimode fiber siv ntau hom teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug tub ntxhais. Rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws sib piv ntawm hom fiber ntau, saib qhov noqhia rau ib leeg -hom vs. multimode fiber.
Puas yog ntau- tub ntxhais fiber ntau siv tau nrog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag uas twb muaj lawm?
MCF tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog - hom khoom siv fiber ntau uas twb muaj lawm los ntawm kiv cua-hauv / kiv cua- tawm (FIFO) cov khoom siv. Hengtong's MCF yog tsim los ua kom sib haum nrog cov kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag uas twb muaj lawm, txo qhov pib rau cov neeg siv khoom hloov kho dua tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib koom ua ke tag nrho kuj tseem yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb splicing thiab hloov kho lub tshuab ua kom nrov nrov nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb network architecture.
MCF raug xa mus rau qhov twg?
Kev xa tawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Google / NEC Taiwan-Philippines- US submarine cable system, uas siv ob -core MCF. Cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib cuam tshuam thiab cov pob txha pob txha txuas ntxiv yuav tsum ua raws. MCF lub peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib kis ntau dua nyob rau hauv tib lub ntim fiber ntau ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus nyiam rau qhov chaw - txwv tsis pub cov ntaub ntawv chaw thiab thaj chaw submarine.
Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau kev txais yuav MCF thoob plaws?
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb suav nrog qhov nyuaj thiab tus nqi ntawm kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas, qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb amplifiers, kev ua tsis tiav, thiab tus nqi tam sim no ntawm MCF cov khoom piv nrog cov pa fiber ntau. Cov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau txo qis raws li qhov ntsuas ntau lawm thiab cov qauv ua kom muaj zog.
Muaj pes tsawg cores tuaj yeem muaj ntau -core fiber ntau?
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom cov fibers uas muaj txog li 19 cores nyob rau hauv tus qauv 125 µm cladding txoj kab uas hla, thiab kev sim tsim nrog ntau dua cov tub ntxhais suav. Kev lag luam muaj nyob rau hauv MCF feem ntau siv ob mus rau plaub cores, nrog xya -cores thiab siab dua tsim nyob rau hauv active kev loj hlob. Hengtong txoj kev taug kev tam sim no suav nrog kev nce qib dhau ntawm plaub- cov qauv tsim rau cov tub ntxhais tseem ceeb dua.