Fiber broadband yog ib qho kev sib txuas hauv internet xa los ntawm fiber ntau -optic cables - nyias strands ntawm iav los yog yas uas xa cov ntaub ntawv raws li pulses ntawm lub teeb es tsis txhob ntawm hluav taws xob teeb liab hla ib txwm tooj liab kab. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev txhim kho niaj hnub no -kab internet nkag tau thiab cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb tsav tsheb hloov kho thoob ntiaj teb.
Rau cov tswv lag luam hauv xov tooj, ISPs thiab cov phiaj xwm network, kev nkag siab fiber ntau broadband tsis yog hais txog qhov kawg - cov khoom siv. Nws yog hais txog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no: qhov twg network architectures tau siv, fiber ntau npaum li cas mus txog tus neeg siv khoom, cov khoom siv twg nyob ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauv cov saw, thiab cov cable hom twg raug xa mus rau ntau ntu ntawm lub network. Phau ntawv qhia no npog tag nrho ntawm qhov ntawd - los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis yooj yim mus rau kev xa mus rau kev txiav txim siab uas zoo li tiag tiag- ntiaj teb fiber ntau broadband rollouts.
Fiber broadband ua haujlwm li cas?
Fiber broadband ua hauj lwm los ntawm encoding cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv pulses ntawm lub teeb uas mus los ntawmfiber ntau -optic cables. Vim tias cov teeb liab teeb pom kev tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab electromagnetic cuam tshuam ntau dua li cov teeb liab hluav taws xob hauv tooj liab, kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau ua kom muaj bandwidth ntau dua nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua ntev nrog ntau dua qhov sib xws.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug raug fiber ntau broadband network, lub optical teeb liab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm los yog pauv, mus los ntawm lub cev thiab faib cables mus rau nruab nrab nodes los yog txee, thiab ces txuas mus rau - xws li fiber ntau los yog tshaj li qub qub nruab nrab - mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm txoj kev uas muaj fiber ntau txiav txim siab txog hom kev sib txuas thiab cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov kev ua tau zoo uas tus neeg siv kawg tau txais.
Qhov no yog vim li cas kev lag luam txawv ntawm cov fiber ntau thiab ib feem -fibre architectures. Qhov ntau fiber ntau nyob rau hauv mais kawg, qhov siab dua thiab zoo ib yam ntawm qhov ceev - ib txoj hauv kev uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb thawb mus rau Fiber mus rau qhov chaw xa khoom.
Fiber broadband network hom: FTTP, FTTH, FTTC thiab FTTN
Tsis yog txhua qhov fiber ntau broadband yog tsim tib txoj kev. Daim ntawv lo npog ntau qhov sib txawvFTTx network architectures, txhua tus txhais los ntawm qhov twg hauv kev nkag mus rau hauv lub network fiber ntau txiav tawm thiab qhov nruab nrab yog dab tsi nqa lub teeb liab rau qhov kev ncua deb.
Tag nrho fiber ntau: FTTP thiab FTTH
FTTP (Fibre mus rau qhov chaw) thiab FTTH (Fibre rau Tsev)ob qho tib si piav qhia txog architectures qhov twg fiber ntau -optic cable khiav tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib pauv lossis OLT (Optical Line Terminal) txhua txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg siv khoom. Tsis muaj tooj liab cuam tshuam rau hauv txoj kev nkag.
Tag nrho fiber ntau muab lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws thiab sib xws ntawm txhua qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis ruaj khov. Ofcom's UK broadband kev ua tau zoo cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua qhia tau hais tias FTTP kev sib txuas xa ceev ceev ze rau tus nqi tshaj tawm, nrog qhov sib txawv me me thaum lub sij hawm ncov. Cov qauv no txhawb nqa kev sib luag lossis nyob ze -symmetrical upload thiab rub tawm nrawm, ua rau nws nyiam lub platform rau bandwidth-cov kev pabcuam hnyav suav nrog huab suav, kev sib tham video thiab IoT daim ntawv thov.
Los ntawm kev xav txog kev tsim kho vaj tse, FTTP / FTTH kev xa tawm feem ntau xav tau Optical Distribution Network (ODN) uas muaj cov kab hluav taws xob, cov kab hluav taws xob, cov xaim hluav taws xob thiabFTTH poob cableskhiav mus rau txhua qhov chaw, qhov twgOptical Network Terminal (ONT).converts lub teeb liab kho qhov muag rau cov neeg siv khoom lub router thiab cov khoom siv.
Ntu -fibre: FTTC
FTTC (Fibre rau lub txee) txuas fiber ntau los ntawm kev sib pauv mus rau ib txoj kev -theem txee, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ob peb puas meters ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Kev sib txuas zaum kawg los ntawm txee rau cov cuab yeej khiav hla cov xov tooj tooj liab uas twb muaj lawm siv VDSL2 lossis cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws.
FTTC tau dav siv thoob plaws tebchaws Askiv thiab lwm lub lag luam raws li tus nqi -ib kauj ruam nruab nrab tau zoo - nws rov siv cov tooj liab uas twb muaj lawm mais dhau los, zam kev ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem thiab rau - thaj chaw fiber ntau yuav tsum tau ua rau tag nrho FTTP. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tau zoo yog txwv los ntawm tooj liab kab ntev thiab zoo. Qhov ntev ntawm cov tooj liab ntu, qhov teeb liab degradation ntau dua thiab qis dua qhov ua tau zoo.
Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv network ntsuas kev txhim kho txoj hauv kev, FTTC infrastructure tuaj yeem ua lub pob zeb nce toj, tab sis nws tsis xa lub sijhawm ntev - lub peev xwm headroom ntawm tag nrho fiber ntau architecture.
FTTN: Fiber rau Node
FTTN (Fibre mus rau Node) yog architecturally zoo ib yam li FTTC, tab sis cov fiber ntau termination point - node - feem ntau yog txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov no ua rau cov ntu tooj liab ntev dua thiab feem ntau ua haujlwm qis dua. FTTN muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Australia tus thawj NBN rollout) thiab tau nce ntxiv raws li kev hloov pauv hloov pauv mus rau FTTP lub sijhawm.
Kev sib piv ntawm architecture
| Kev tsim vaj tsev | Fiber ncav cuag | Last mile nruab nrab | Ib txwm download ceev | Upload kev ua tau zoo | Ceev sib xws |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FTTP / FTTH | Subscriber thaj chaw | Fiber (kawg-rau-end) | 100 Mbps – 10 Gbps | Siab (feem ntau symmetrical) | Siab heev |
| FTTC | Txoj kev txee | Tooj liab (VDSL2) | 30-80 Mbps | Nruab nrab | Variable (nyob deb -dependent) |
| FTTN | Neighborhood node | Tooj | 12-50 Mbps | Tsawg rau nruab nrab | Hloov pauv |
| ADSL (tooj liab) | Tsis muaj fiber ntau | Copper (kawg-rau-end) | 8-24 Mbps | Tsawg | Tsawg |
Fiber broadband vs cable thiab tooj liab broadband
Fiber broadband feem ntau piv nrog ob txoj kev siv cuab yeej cuab tam: tooj liab -raws li ADSL thiab coaxial cable (HFC) tes hauj lwm.
Copper (ADSL/ADSL2+)xa internet tag nrho hauv xov tooj network. Bandwidth yog qhov tseem ceeb txwv los ntawm qhov nruab nrab tooj liab, qhov nrawm nrawm nrawm nrog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev sib pauv, thiab kev ua haujlwm upload tsawg heev. Raws li International Telecommunication Union (ITU) tau sau tseg,fiber ntau-optic infrastructure muaj peev xwm bandwidth uas tooj liab tsis tuaj yeem sib xws, uas yog vim li cas txhua yam tshiab broadband peev thoob ntiaj teb raug coj mus rau fiber ntau.
Cable (HFC)siv cov coaxial cables - tib lub hauv paus pib xa mus rau cable TV - rau mais kawg, nrog fiber ntau hauv lub cev network. Cable tes hauj lwm muaj peev xwm xa tau ceev download ceev tab sis qhia bandwidth nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam, ua rau congestion thaum lub sij hawm lub ncov siv. Fiber broadband (tshwj xeeb yog FTTP) muab txoj hauv kev kho qhov muag rau txhua qhov chaw, uas tshem tawm qhov kev sib koom no - nruab nrab lub raj mis. Rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws technical, saib peb qhov sib piv ntawmfiber optic piv rau cable internet.
Tsis yog ADSL los yog HFC tsis tuaj yeem phim lub bandwidth headroom, nyob deb ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab symmetrical ceev muaj peev xwm ntawm kawg - mus rau -end fiber. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tau txav mus rau FTTP raws li tus qauv rau kev xa tawm dav dav tshiab.
Puas yog fiber ntau broadband zoo ib yam li Wi-Fi?
Tsis muaj - thiab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev tsim network lossis kev kawm rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Fiber broadband yog kev siv thev naus laus zis: kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev uas xa cov kev pabcuam hauv internet los ntawm kev sib pauv mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Wi-Fi yog lub wireless hauv cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam network (WLAN) thev naus laus zis uas faib cov kev sib txuas rau cov khoom siv hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub router lossis chaw nkag.
Tus neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem muaj -kev ua tau zoo fiber ntau broadband kab thiab tseem muaj kev sib txuas tsis zoo vim qhov tsis muaj Wi-nkaus -Fi kev pab them nqi, kev txwv router, cuam tshuam lossis kev tsim vaj tsev. Hloov pauv, zoo heev Wi-Fi kho vajtse tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau kev sib txuas qeeb lossis tsis ntseeg siab. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tswv lag luam thiab ISPs muab kev txhawb nqa rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev tswj hwm qhov kawg - cov neeg siv kev cia siab. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev qhia, saib peb phau ntawv qhiatxuas fiber ntau optic cable rau lub router.
Qhov tseem ceeb infrastructure rau fiber broadband xa mus
Kev xa cov fiber ntau broadband network yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab hom cable ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub network. Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tseeb nyob ntawm qhov xaiv architecture (FTTP, FTTC lossis FTTN) thiab lub cev ib puag ncig.
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb
Hauv kev sib pauv lossis headend, ibOLT (Optical Line Terminal)tswj downstream thiab upstream optical signals thoob plaws lub network. Thaum tus neeg siv khoom kawg, ibONT (Optical Network Terminal)xaus kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau thiab muab Ethernet lossis Wi -Fi txuas rau cov neeg siv khoom. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus no, passive splitters faib cov teeb liab kho qhov muag kom ib leeg feeder fiber ntau tuaj yeem pab ntau tus neeg siv khoom - tus qauv hu ua PON (Passive Optical Network).
Cable hom thoob plaws hauv lub network
Cov ntu sib txawv ntawm fiber ntau broadband network tso cov kev xav tau sib txawv ntawm lub cable.Lub cev thiab feeder cables- feem ntau siab - suav cov raj xoob xaim xaim xaim hauv cov kav dej los yog dav hlau - nqa tsheb los ntawm kev sib pauv mus rau cov ntsiab lus xa tawm.Distribution cablesceg tawm los pab cov pawg me ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.Tshem cov kab, zoo liFTTH poob cables, muab kev sib txuas zaum kawg los ntawm qhov chaw faib khoom mus rau txhua qhov chaw.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev tsim kho cable - sebunderground duct cable, aerial fiber ntau optic cablelos yog sab hauv riser cable - nyob ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom, cov kev cai hauv zos thiab kev muaj vaj tse nyob. Xaiv txoj cai cable rau txhua ntu yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub network, kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab ntev - tus nqi tu lub sij hawm.
Kev xav txog kev teeb tsa
Rau FTTP / FTTH, kev teeb tsa feem ntau suav nrog kev xa xov xaim los ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom ze tshaj plaws mus rau cov neeg siv khoom lub tsev, teeb tsa ONT hauv thaj chaw, thiab txuas lub router. Hauv ntau-cov tsev nyob (MDUs), ntsug riser cables thiab hauv pem teb- theem kev faib tawm kuj yuav tsum tau. Rau FTTC, cov fiber ntau txiav tawm ntawm txoj kev txee thiab cov kab tooj liab uas twb muaj lawm coj cov teeb liab mus rau qhov chaw, txo qis rau ib qho - cov neeg siv khoom teeb tsa tsis yooj yim tab sis txwv kev ua haujlwm.
Kev ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem - trenching, duct installation, aerial lashing thiab lub tsev nkag - feem ntau sawv cev tus nqi loj tshaj plaws hauv kev xa tawm fiber ntau. Cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg cog lus yuav tsum muaj feem rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb, kev pom zoo ntawm txoj kev taug kev thiab cov kev npaj hauv zos kom zoo ua ntej kev teeb tsa pib.
Dab tsi yog tsav tsheb fiber ntau broadband xav tau?
Ntau qhov kev sib hloov pauv tau nrawm nrawm rau kev thov rau fiber ntau broadband infrastructure thoob ntiaj teb:
Kev siv bandwidth hauv tsev nce.Ntau- cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev ua haujlwm ib txhij 4K / 8K video kwj, huab gaming, ntse hauv tsev thiab kev hu xov tooj tam sim no xav tau kev txhawb nqa uas cov tooj liab thiab cable network tawm tsam kom xa tsis tu ncua. Qhov no yog thawb ISPs hauv tsev kom hloov mus rau cov fiber ntau.
Chaw taws teeb thiab hybrid ua haujlwm.Kev hloov pauv mus tas li mus rau hauv tsev- ua haujlwm raws li tau ua rau kev xa tawm ceev thiab kev sib txuas ruaj khov tseem ceeb dua li kev xaiv rau cov neeg siv hauv tsev. Puv fiber ntau lub peev xwm nrawm nrawm ncaj qha rau qhov xav tau no.
Kev sib txuas ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam.Cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab nce ntxiv nyob ntawm huab - cov cuab yeej siv, tiag - lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke platforms thiab kev sib txuas lus tuav - tag nrho cov uas xav tau kev ntseeg siab, qis -latency broadband. Fiber broadband muab lub hauv paus hauv paus rau kev lag luam -qib kev sib txuas yam tsis tau them nqi ntawm cov kab xauj tsev.
Tsoom fwv broadband lub hom phiaj.Cov kev cai tswjfwm xws li tsoomfwv UKQhov project Gigabitthiab cov phiaj xwm zoo sib xws thoob ntiaj teb yog nyiaj txiag thiab txhawb nqa tag nrho cov fiber ntau rollouts mus rau underserved thaj chaw, nthuav lub lag luam chaw nyob rau fiber infrastructure.
Cov lus nug uas nquag nug
Qhov txawv ntawm FTTP thiab FTTC yog dab tsi?
FTTP (Fibre mus rau qhov chaw) xa cov fiber ntau txhua txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg siv khoom, muab kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau nrog kev kub ceev thiab sib xws. FTTC (Fibre mus rau Txwj Laug) txiav cov fiber ntau ntawm txoj kev txee, nrog rau qhov kev ncua deb them los ntawm tooj liab thaiv. FTTP muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua qub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev rub tawm nrawm thiab siab tshaj - teev kev ntseeg siab. Rau kev ua tiav tag nrho ntawm FTTx architectures, saib peb phau ntawv qhiaFTTx network hom.
Hom kab twg siv hauv FTTH xa tawm?
Ib qho FTTH network ib txwm siv siab - suav cov raj xoob lossis ribbon cables rau lub cev ntu, cov xaim me me los ua haujlwm rau cov pawg hauv zos, thiab ib leeg - fiber ntau lossis qis- suav cov kab xaim kawg rau qhov kawg txuas rau txhua qhov chaw. Kev tsim kho tshwj xeeb - duct, ncaj qha- faus, huab cua lossis sab hauv tsev - nyob ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom. Hengtong muab ntau yam ntawmoptical cablestsim los rau txhua ntu ntawm FTTH nkag network.
ONT yog dab tsi thiab nws ua dab tsi?
Ib qho ONT (Optical Network Terminal) yog lub cuab yeej ntsia ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hauv qhov kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau (FTTP / FTTH). Nws hloov cov teeb liab tawm qhov muag los ntawm cov kab fiber ntau rau hauv lub teeb liab hluav taws xob uas tus neeg siv khoom lub router thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau. ONT yog lub ntsiab lus demarcation ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj lub network thiab tus neeg siv khoom lub tsev network. Nyeem pebua kom tiav ONT phau ntawv qhiatxhawm rau saib tob dua seb nws ua haujlwm li cas hauv PON architecture.
Vim li cas kev lag luam tsiv ntawm FTTC mus rau FTTP?
FTTC tau siv dav dav raws li tus nqi - txhim kho txoj hauv kev zoo vim nws rov siv cov tooj liab uas twb muaj lawm - mais infrastructure. Txawm li cas los xij, tooj liab txwv kev ua tiav tau nrawm, degrades nrog qhov deb thiab tsis txhawb nqa lub taub hau bandwidth xav tau rau cov kev pabcuam yav tom ntej. FTTP tshem tawm cov kev txwv no tag nrho. Raws li cov neeg thov kev thov loj hlob thiab cov nqi kev ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem txo qis los ntawm cov txheej txheem xa tawm tshiab, rooj plaub kev lag luam rau kev tsim kho FTTC nrog tag nrho cov fiber ntau tau ntxiv dag zog rau ntau lub khw.
Puas yog fiber ntau broadband zoo ib yam li Wi-Fi?
Tsis yog. Fiber broadband yog cov cuab yeej siv hauv network uas xa cov kev pabcuam hauv internet rau cov cuab yeej. Wi-Fi yog lub wireless LAN thev naus laus zis siv los faib cov kev sib txuas hauv lub cuab yeej. Ib tus neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem muaj qhov siab - fiber ntau broadband thiab tseem muaj kev tsis zoo ntawm Wi-Fi vim muaj kev txwv router, cuam tshuam lossis teeb tsa lub tsev.
Cov ntsiab lus
Fiber broadband yog kev siv internet xa tawm ntawm fiber ntau -optic cables, muab bandwidth siab dua, ntau dua kev ywj pheej nyob deb thiab zoo sib xws dua tooj liab lossis cable lwm txoj kev. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov vaj tsev tseem ceeb yog nruab nrab ntawm cov fiber ntau (FTTP/FTTH), qhov twg fiber ntau khiav kawg - mus rau - xaus rau cov neeg siv khoom, thiab ib feem -fibre (FTTC/FTTN), qhov kawg mais tseem nyob ntawm tooj liab.
Rau cov tswv lag luam hauv xov tooj, ISPs thiab cov neeg cog lus hauv lub network, kev hloov pauv mus rau tag nrho cov fiber ntau yog tsav los ntawm kev xav tau bandwidth nce, kev txais yuav ua haujlwm nyob deb, tsoomfwv cov kev pabcuam broadband thiab ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo ntawm txhua yam - optical access network. Xaiv txoj cai cable hom, khoom siv thiab xa tawm tswv yim rau txhua ntu ntawm lub network yog qhov txiav txim siab seb puas muaj fiber ntau broadband rollout muab rau nws cov lus cog tseg ntawm qhov ntsuas.