Lub tsho sab nrauv yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag uas siv thawj zaug los ntawm tshav ntuj, dej, av siab, nas, hluav taws thiab roj - thiab nws yuav tsum tau ua li ntawd rau 20 mus rau 30 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij ntawm cov ntawv yuav khoom feem ntau nws raug txo rau ib lo lus: PE, LSZH, lossis PVC. Qhov shorthand zais cov kev xaiv uas tau txiav txim siab seb lub cable kav ntev npaum li cas hauv lub kav dej lossis ua tsis tiav hauv tsib xyoos ntawm txoj kab ntug hiav txwv.
Phau ntawv qhia no piav qhia txog dab tsi txhua cov khoom siv sheath ua tau zoo, qhov twg nws ua tsis tiav, thiab yuav ua li cas kom phim lub tsho rau qhov chaw teeb tsa tiag tiag kom lub cable xa cov kev pab cuam lub neej nws cov ntaub ntawv cog lus.
Qhov txheej txheej txheej tiag ua li cas
Lub tsho tsis yog txheej txheej kom zoo nkauj. Nws nqa ntau txoj haujlwm ib zaug: kev tiv thaiv txhua yam tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thiab kev puas tsuaj, kev tiv thaiv kev ya raws (qhov ua rau ntev - lub sij hawm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam), UV thiab thermal aging kuj, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab kev tswj hluav taws. Tsis muaj ib qho polymer yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov no, uas yog vim li cas xaiv lub tsho yog ib txwm ua lag luam - tawm.
Nws tseem tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias lub tsho tsuas yog ib txheej ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv. Rau qhov xav tau ib puag ncig, dej- thaiv cov khoom, cov tswv cuab lub zog, armoring thiab sab hauv sheaths sib koom ua ke. Lub tsho tsim lub hnab ntawv sab nrauv; kev tsim kho sab hauv ua tiav txoj haujlwm. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov no kom meej meej li casfiber optic cable cov ntaub ntawvyog txheej ua ke.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev siv niaj hnub no
PE thiab HDPE (Polyethylene)
Polyethylene yog lub tsho workhorse rau sab nraum zoov cables. Tus qauv nruab nrab- ntom PE thiab siab- ntom PE (HDPE) muab cov dej tsis haum, zoo UV ruaj khov thaum cov pa roj carbon zoo -dub loaded (feem ntau Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 2.3% ib ITU-T thiab IEC sab nraum zoov cable specifications), thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog. HDPE tshwj xeeb dominates li lub tsho sab nrauv raufiber ntau optic cablethiabdirect faus kab, qhov twg nws hardness, tsawg rub kev sib txhuam thiab tsis kam rau av chemistry yog qhov zoo tiag tiag.
Feem ntau - rov hais dua tias "PE tsis tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv av" yog kev dag ntxias. HDPE yog qhov tseeb lub tsho sab nrauv rau faus cables - tab sis nws ua haujlwm vim nws zaum saum armoring, dej- thaiv cov ntsiab lus, thiab qee zaum nas - cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Lub tsho yog ib feem ntawm lub system, tsis yog tag nrho cov system.
Qhov twg PE tiag tiag tawm tsam: kev ua tau zoo hluav taws (nws kub hnyiab tau), kev raug rau cov roj thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntev, thiab kev pabcuam txuas mus ntxiv saum toj li 75-80 degree.
LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen)
LSZH compounds - feem ntau polyolefins ntim nrog txhuas trihydrate lossis magnesium hydroxide - yog tsim los rau cov chaw uas tib neeg yuav tsum tau khiav tawm thaum muaj hluav taws kub. Lawv tawm cov pa luam yeeb tsawg (kuaj rau IEC 61034) thiab qhov tseem ceeb tsis muaj halogen acid gases (IEC 60754-2), thiab lawv tiv taus cov nplaim hluav taws xob raws li cov khoom siv cable xws li IEC 60332-3.
LSZH yog tus qauv rau sab hauv tsev pob txha, cov khoom siv chav, qhov tunnels, kev thauj mus los thiab ntau lub chaw cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev thov tias LSZH yog "yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov tsev niaj hnub no" overstates daim duab. North American plenum qhov chaw xav tau OFNP- ntsuas cables thiab risers xav tau OFNR - tsis zoo ib yam rau LSZH. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, Txoj Cai Kev Tsim Khoom Siv (CPR) faib cov cables ntawm Euroclass nplai (B2ca, Cca, Dca thiab lwm yam), thiab cov chav kawm yuav tsum nyob ntawm lub tsev thiab cov tswvcuab hauv lub xeev. Nco ntsoov xyuas cov cai hauv zos es tsis xav tias "LSZH sib npaug."
Ib qho ntxiv nuance: LSZH tsis sib npaug "hluav taws-resistant." Rau cov circuits uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm thaum muaj hluav taws kub, koj xav tau ahluav taws kub-resistant fiber optic cablenrog rau hluav taws kub siab- thaiv kev tsim kho, tsis yog lub tsho LSZH nkaus xwb.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
PVC yog qhov pheej yig, yooj yim -- txheej txheem lub tsho sab hauv. Nrog rau txoj cai pob khoom nws tuaj yeem yog nplaim hluav taws- retardant thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov hlua khi, yooj yim riser cables thiab dav - lub hom phiaj hauv tsev thaiv. Nws cov kev lag luam tawm -offs tau sau tseg zoo: thaum nws hlawv nws tsim cov pa luam yeeb dub thiab cov pa roj hydrogen chloride, ob qho tib si tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb khiav tawm thiab corrode electronics. Tias yog vim li cas kev lag luam tau txav mus rau LSZH thiab plenum- ntsuas lwm txoj kev nyab xeeb- qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv tsev. PVC kuj stiffens ntawm qis kub thiab softens ntawm nruab nrab siab sawv daws yuav, uas yog vim li cas nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim nyob rau sab nraum zoov los yog industrial cables.
Cov tsho tshwj xeeb: PUR, TPU thiab Nylon
Rau kev lag luam ib puag ncig - neeg hlau, roj thiab roj, mining - tus qauv polyolefins tsis txaus. Polyurethane (PUR) thiab thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws, roj thiab tshuaj lom neeg, thiab yooj yim rau cov cables uas txav mus tas li. Polyamide (nylon) yog qee zaum ntxiv los ua ib qho overjacket ntawm HDPE hauv thaj chaw kab thiab nas vim tias nws nyuaj heev los tom.
PE vs LSZH vs PVC at a Glance
Feem ntau ntawm kev sib cav txog kev yuav khoom los ntawm peb qhov no. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb:
| Khoom | PE / HDPE | LSZH | PVC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kev siv thawj zaug | Sab nraum zoov (aerial, duct, faus) | Sab hauv, cov ntaub ntawv chaw, cov chaw pej xeem | Tsawg-nqi sab hauv tsev, thaj cords |
| UV / huab cua | Zoo heev (nrog carbon dub) | Phem - tsis yog siv sab nraum zoov | Tsis zoo - degrades sai sai sab nraum zoov |
| Kev nqus dej | Tsawg heev | Siab dua PE | Nruab nrab |
| Hluav taws coj cwj pwm | Hlawv yooj yim, drips | Cov pa luam yeeb tsawg, tsis muaj halogens, nplaim taws-retardant | Nplaim taws-cov pa taws tab sis hnyav thiab HCl roj |
| Qhov kub thiab txias | Dav (typ. −40 rau +70 degree) | Nruab nrab | Nqaim |
| Tus nqi txheeb ze | Tsawg | Siab dua | qis tshaj |
Cov ntaub ntawv Sheath cuam tshuam li cas rau kev pabcuam lub neej
"Kev pabcuam lub neej" tsis yog ib tus lej. Ib qhov dej- tshwj xeeb sab nraum zoov cable feem ntau yog tsim los rau 25 mus rau 30 xyoo kev pabcuam, tab sis tus lej ntawd xav tias lub tsho ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw npaj. Thawb nws sab nraud thiab qhov nkhaus poob qis heev.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsho uas tsav lub cable ntev npaum li cas:
- UV thiab huab cua tsis kam- txiav txim siab rau aerial cables thiab tej installation nyob rau hauv siab - irradiance cheeb tsam.
- Kev khiav hauj lwm qhov kub thiab txias- rov qab caij tsheb kauj vab ze ntawm qhov txwv ua kom muaj kev laus.
- Kev nqus dej thiab noo noo barrier- noo noo nyob rau hauv ib lub cable tsim hydrogen, uas ua rau kom attenuation thaum lub sij hawm.
- Tensile thiab crush kuj- cuam tshuam rau kev sib tsoo tshuab, rub ntev, thiab tsheb khiav -loaded faus.
- Tshuaj thiab roj kuj- txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab petrochemical qhov chaw uas tus qauv PE yuav tawv thiab tawg hauv ob peb xyoos.
- Hluav taws coj cwj pwm- ntsuas los ntawm IEC 60332 (nplaim taws kis), IEC 61034 (kev haus luam yeeb ntom), thiab IEC 60754 (cov ntsiab lus halogen). CovIEC 60332 Kev Ua Haujlwmyog qhov feem ntau hais txog kev siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib tw.
Sib piv lub tsho tiv no rau kev teeb tsa ib puag ncig
Ib txoj hauv kev los qhia lub tsho yog pib los ntawm ib puag ncig, tsis yog cov khoom siv:
- Aerial spans (ADSS, daim duab-8):UV-stabilized HDPE yog tus qauv. Nyob ze - cov kab hluav taws xob, tiv thaiv - taug qab HDPE yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv qhov chaw arcing.
- Cov kav dej thiab rub lub installation:HDPE rau kev sib txhuam qis. Lub tshuab tshuab ntev ntev yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb qis - kev sib txhuam sab nrauv.
- Direct faus:HDPE lub tsho sab nrauv ntxiv rau cov ntaub nplaum los yog cov hlau hlau armoring, dej- thaiv cov ntsiab lus, thiab tiv thaiv nas nyob qhov twg hauv av squirrels, gophers lossis termites.Kev tiv thaiv- nas tsimfeem ntau yog siv cov ntaub nplaum hlau, cov ntaub thaiv npog ntxiv, lossis nylon overjackets.
- Sab hauv tsev risers thiab dav sab hauv tsev:LSZH hauv ntau lub khw thoob ntiaj teb, OFNR hauv North America.
- Plenum spaces (rov qab-air spaces in North America):OFNP- cov tsho ntaus nqi, txhais hauv qabNFPA 70 (NEC). Tsis hloov pauv nrog LSZH.
- Data Centers thiab tunnels:LSZH, feem ntau ua ke nrog hluav taws kub- tiv thaiv tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb- txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb.
- Industrial / roj thiab flexing ib puag ncig:PUR los yog TPU tsho rau tshuaj, roj, puas thiab flex lub neej.
- ntug hiav txwv dej thiab siab -salinity:UV- ruaj khov HDPE ntxiv rau kev ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Tsis yog-cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau nyiam los tshem tawm cov teeb meem galvanic.
Dab tsi los txheeb xyuas thaum koj tau txais
Kev qhia txog cov khoom tsim nyog tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm kev ua haujlwm - koj kuj yuav tsum tau lees paub tias qhov tuaj txog yog qhov sib xws. Tsim nyog thov los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom:
- Cov pa roj carbon- cov ntsiab lus dub rau sab nraum zoov PE / HDPE tsho (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 2.3% yog qhov pib ua ntej).
- Nplaim-cov ntaub ntawv xeem (IEC 60332-1 ib leeg cable lossis IEC 60332-3 bundled, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov).
- Cov pa luam yeeb ntom ntom (IEC 61034) thiab cov ntsiab lus halogen (IEC 60754) daim ntawv pov thawj rau LSZH.
- Rau plenum lossis riser cables hauv North America, UL daim ntawv teev npe siv (OFNP, OFNR lossis OFN).
- Kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntau thiab tsawg kawg installation kub.
- Jacket thickness tiv thaiv tus qauv cuam tshuam - ib qho parameter no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev -lub sij hawm durability.
FAQ
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm PE thiab LSZH rau fiber ntau optic cables?
PE yog lub tsho sab nraum zoov zoo rau UV tiv thaiv, tsis tshua muaj dej nqus thiab nqi. LSZH yog lub tsho sab hauv tsev zoo rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws - cov pa luam yeeb tsawg thiab tsis muaj roj halogen thaum hlawv. Lawv tsis hloov; PE yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv tsev kom nyab xeeb- qhov chaw tseem ceeb, thiab LSZH yuav tsum tsis txhob siv sab nraum zoov.
Puas yog LSZH tib yam li hluav taws kub-resistant?
Tsis yog. LSZH piav qhia tias lub tsho coj li cas thaum nws kub hnyiab (cov pa luam yeeb tsawg, tsis muaj halogens). Hluav taws kub- cov kab hluav taws xob tiv taus yog tsim los ua kom sib kis tau thaum muaj hluav taws, uas yuav tsum muaj hluav taws kub ntxiv- thaiv kev tsim kho. Ob qhov kev xav tau feem ntau tshwm sim ua ke tab sis tsis hloov pauv.
Lub tsho optical cable yuav tsum kav ntev npaum li cas?
Zoo-cov kab hluav taws xob sab nraum zoov tshwj xeeb feem ntau yog tsim los rau 25 txog 30 xyoo kev pabcuam, thiab cov hlua sab hauv tsev rau lub neej ntawm lub tsev. Lub neej kev pabcuam tiag tiag nyob ntawm seb lub tsho puas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv nws lub hom phiaj UV, kub thiab tshuaj lub hnab ntawv. Cables ntsia sab nraum lawv lub hnab ntawv tsim tuaj yeem ua tsis tau zoo hauv kaum xyoo.
Vim li cas HDPE siv rau ob qho tib si hauv huab cua thiab ncaj qha - faus cables thaum lawv qhov kev ntxhov siab sib txawv?
Vim HDPE tuav UV, ya raws, abrasion thiab ntau qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov qauv cable - cov tswv cuab lub zog, armoring, dej thaiv - lis cas lub tsho ib leeg ua tsis tau. Cov khoom siv tib yam ua lub luag haujlwm sib txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov twg nyob hauv qab nws.
Cov ntsiab lus
PE thiab HDPE tseem siv sab nraum zoov vim tias lawv tuav UV, noo noo thiab nqi zoo. LSZH thiab OFNR/OFNP npog hluav taws sab hauv tsev- kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum muaj, nrog rau qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb hais los ntawm cov cai hauv zos es tsis yog daim ntawv lo "LSZH". PVC tseem yog ib qho kev xaiv nyiaj txiag sab hauv tsev nrog hluav taws tiag -kev coj cwj pwm kev lag luam- tawm. Cov tsho tshwj xeeb zoo li PUR thiab TPU muaj qhov tseeb vim tias tsis muaj qhov dav dav - cov hom phiaj polymer npog kev lag luam hnyav. Qhia lub tsho tiv thaiv qhov tseeb ib puag ncig thiab cov cai, kho nws raws li ib txheej hauv ib qho system, thiab cable yuav xa cov kev pab cuam lub neej nws cov ntaub ntawv cog lus.