Sib nqus teb sensors yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav geological, kev saib xyuas daim phiaj hluav taws xob, kev tsim hluav taws xob aerospace, thiab kev lag luam automation. Ntawm ntau yam kev paub txog thev naus laus zis muaj, kho qhov muag fiber ntau -raws li magnetic teb sensors sawv tawm rau lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam, tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab tsim nyog rau kev saib xyuas tej thaj chaw deb hauv cheeb tsam hnyav.
Ib qho kev cog lus tshwj xeeb yog siv cov kua nplaum sib nqus (MHD) - colloidal ncua kev kawm ntawv ntawm nanoscale magnetic particles - raws li qhov nruab nrab sensing. Thaum integrated nrogoptical fiber ntau. Qhov kev sib xyaw no tau nyiam cov kev tshawb fawb loj zuj zus, raws li sau tseg hauv kev tshuaj xyuas luam tawm los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm xws liOptics ExpressthiabSensors thiab Actuators B.
Kab lus no piav qhia txog ob lub -channel tapered fiber ntau magnetic teb sensing system raws li lub sij hawm division multiplexing (TDM) technology. Nws suav nrog txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev, thiab cov tswv yim zoo ntawm cov kab ke no piv rau cov pa ib zaug -point MHD fiber ntau sensors.
Dab tsi yog TDM Dual -Channel Tapered Fiber Sib Nqus Field Sensing System?
A TDM dual-channel tapered fiber ntau magnetic teb sensing system yog ib qho kho qhov muag sensing architecture uas siv ob cais fiber ntau channels - txhua tus uas muaj ib tug tapered fiber seem coated nrog magnetic fluid - los ntsuas magnetic teb siv ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus ib txhij. Lub kaw lus cia siab rau theem- qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas lub sijhawm ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas lub sijhawm (φ-OTDR) los tsim, tau txais, thiab ua tiav cov teeb liab teeb liab mus los ntawm txhua qhov channel.
Qhov tseem ceeb innovation nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas tapered fiber ntau sensing units nrog TDM technology. Hloov chaw tsuas yog ntsuas ib qho chaw xwb, TDM tso cai rau lub kaw lus kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov cim sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov fiber ntau los ntawm kev sib cais raws sijhawm. Qhov no ua rau muaj ntau- taw tes sib nqus saib xyuas los ntawm ib qho kev nug ib leeg - lub peev xwm uas cov qauv MHD fiber ntau sensors feem ntau tsis muaj.
Tapered fiber yog hais txog ib ntu ntawmtib - hom fiber ntauuas tau ua kom sov thiab ncab kom txo tau nws txoj kab uas hla. Qhov no tapering ua rau kom muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb coj thiab cov khoom siv MHD nyob ib puag ncig, ua rau lub sensor teb ntau dua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm magnetic teb.
Vim li cas ib txwm MHD Fiber Sib Nqus Sensors poob luv
MHD tam sim no-raws li fiber ntau magnetic teb sensors feem ntau tso siab rau cov qauv xws li tapered fiber, photonic siv lead ua fiber ntau uas muaj MHD, ib zaug -mode–coreless–single-mode fiber, thiab ntev- fiber ntau gratings. Txawm hais tias txhua tus ntawm no tau pom tias muaj peev xwm sib nqus qhov rhiab heev hauv cov chaw kuaj mob, lawv qhia ntau yam kev txwv.
Ob txoj kev demodulation feem ntau yog lub zog -raws li kev tshawb nrhiav thiab wavelength- hloov pauv. Lub hwj chim-raws li cov sensors ntsuas kev hloov pauv hauv lub zog xa hluav taws xob, tab sis lawv cov kev nyeem tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov teeb pom kev zoo. Txawm tias muaj zog me me hloov pauv tuaj yeem qhia txog kev ntsuas qhov yuam kev uas nyuaj rau kev sib cais los ntawm qhov tseeb sib nqus teeb liab. Lub wavelength - hloov pauv cov sensors zam qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev taug qab cov kev hloov pauv spectral, tab sis lawv nyob ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsom xam - cov cuab yeej uas kim, loj, thiab siv tsis tau rau kev xa tawm.
Tshaj li qhov kev sib tw demodulation, feem ntau MHD fiber ntau sensors uas twb muaj lawm yog tsim los rau ib qho - taw tes ntsuas xwb. Kev soj ntsuam ntau qhov chaw yuav tsum tau muab faib ua cov lus nug tag nrho rau txhua qhov chaw, uas ua rau tus nqi nce thiab qhov nyuaj. Rau cov ntawv thov xws lifais fab kis kabkev saib xyuas lossis loj -kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev lag luam, ib qho - lub peev xwm taw tes yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub fwj.
Yuav ua li cas Dual -Channel TDM Sensing System ua haujlwm
Lub system architecture pib nrog φ-OTDR chav tsev, uas tsim cov pulses luv luv thiab ua cov cim rov qab. Kev ncua fiber ntau txuas nrog ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm φ-OTDR kom txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog pib mem tes siab ntawm lub teeb liab txais.
Lub teeb mem tes ces nkag mus rau hauv lub voj voog - ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag uas ua rau lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb - thiab raug coj mus rau thawj qhov chaw kho qhov muag (OC1). Ntawm OC1, lub teeb sib cais ua ob txoj hauv kev nrog rau kev txhob txwm siab asymmetric piv: 1% mus rau sensing channel 1 (tsim los ntawm OC1 thiab OC2), thaum 99% txuas ntxiv mus rau sensing channel 2 (tsim los ntawm OC3 thiab OC4).
Hauv txhua qhov kev nkag siab channel, lub teeb pom kev zoo dhau los ntawm chav ntsuas qhov ntsuas (SU) qhov twg nws cuam tshuam nrog MHD-coated tapered fiber. Tom qab dhau los ntawm SU, lub teeb mus txog qhov thib ob coupler hauv lub voj voog. Ntawm no, 99% ntawm lub teeb recirculates nyob rau hauv lub channel, thiab 1% yog coj rov qab mus rau lub φ-OTDR ntawm lub circulator. Qhov kev rov ua dua no tso cai rau cov mem tes hla dhau ntawm chav ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntau zaus, suav nrog ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau nrog txhua qhov dhau los.
Lub φ-OTDR sau cov cim xa rov qab los ntawm ob lub channel. Vim hais tias ob txoj kev muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev kho qhov muag ntev, lawv cov teeb liab rov qab tuaj txog ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm TDM txoj cai. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov txo qis ntawm qhov rov qab pulses, lub kaw lus suav cov kev sib nqus sib nqus ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas qhov taw tes yam tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lub spectrometer lossis wavelength - taug qab ntsuas.
Txoj hauv kev no kuaj pom cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog kho qhov muag attenuation tus nqi ntau dua li qhov tsis muaj zog. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov kev ntsuas tsis tshua muaj kev nkag siab rau lub teeb qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob - kev txhim kho muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov pa hluav taws xob-raws li MHD sensors.
Stability thiab Sensitivity Test Results
Stability Hauv Zero Sib Nqus Field
Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev ruaj ntseg hauv paus, lub kaw lus tau sim 30 zaug hauv qhov chaw tsis yog- sib nqus- thaj chaw. Qhov nruab nrab tso zis hluav taws xob kho qhov muag ntawm lub laser qhov chaw yog 1.21 mW, nrog tus qauv sib txawv ntawm 0.0516 mW (kwv yees li 4.26% ntawm qhov nruab nrab). Txawm hais tias qhov chaw no - qib sib txawv, qhov qis qis ntsuas los ntawm ob txoj kab tseem nyob sib xws:
- Channel 1:Qhov nruab nrab attenuation nqes hav ntawm -11.57 dB / km, tus qauv sib txawv ntawm 0.109 dB / km (0.942% ntawm qhov nruab nrab)
- Channel 2:Qhov nruab nrab attenuation nqes hav ntawm -18.117 dB / km, tus qauv sib txawv ntawm 0.124 dB / km (0.684% ntawm qhov nruab nrab)
Qhov tseeb hais tias qhov attenuation txoj kab nqes tseem nyob ruaj khov txawm tias lub teeb qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau lees paub tias lub kaw lus ntsuas txoj hauv kev - raws li tus nqi attenuation es tsis yog lub zog kiag li - zoo decouples nyeem los ntawm qhov chaw - theem suab nrov.
Stability nyob rau hauv tas li sib nqus teb
Hauv kev sim thib ob, ob txoj kab tau raug rau qhov chaw sib nqus tas li ntawm 5 mT. Kev ntsuas ntau dua:
- Channel 1:Qhov nruab nrab attenuation nqes hav ntawm -14.85 dB / km, tus qauv sib txawv ntawm 0.131 dB / km (0.882% ntawm qhov nruab nrab)
- Channel 2:Qhov nruab nrab attenuation nqes hav ntawm -30.94 dB / km, tus qauv sib txawv ntawm 0.315 dB / km (1.02% ntawm qhov nruab nrab)
Ob txoj kev qhia pom qhov sib txawv ntawm 1.1% piv rau lawv cov txhais tau tias, qhia tias lub kaw lus tsim cov txiaj ntsig rov ua dua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib nqus.
Sib nqus Field Sensitivity
Kev ntsuas rhiab heev tau muab cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
- Channel 1:−1.09 dB/(km·mT) tshaj ib thaj tsam ntawm 3-14 mT
- Channel 2:−3.466 dB/(km·mT) tshaj ib thaj tsam ntawm 2-7 mT
Channel 2 qhia kwv yees li peb npaug ntawm qhov rhiab heev ntawm Channel 1. Qhov sib txawv no tshwm sim los ntawm asymmetric coupler tsim - Channel 2 tau txais 99% ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo, uas ua rau muaj kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsuas ntsuas ib zaug. Kev lag luam tawm -tawm yog tias Channel 2 ua haujlwm dhau qhov ntsuas qhov nqaim (2–7 mT vs . 3-14 mT), uas cuam tshuam txog qhov kev nkag siab zoo li qub- piv rau - qhov sib npaug hauvfiber ntau optic sensingtshuab.
Advantages Over Pas Sib Nqus Field Sensors
Piv rau ib txwm ib txwm -point MHD fiber ntau magnetic teb sensors, TDM dual -channel system muaj ntau yam kev txhim kho:
- Ntau -point ntsuas muaj peev xwm:TDM tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam ib txhij ntawm ntau qhov chaw siv ib qho φ-OTDR chav tsev, tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau kev sib tham sib cais ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas.
- Txo rhiab heev rau lub teeb qhov hloov pauv:Los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov qis qis dua li qhov tsis muaj lub zog kho qhov muag, lub kaw lus txo qis qhov ua yuam kev los ntawm lub teeb ci tsis ruaj khov - ib qho zoo - paub tsis muaj zog ntawm lub zog -raws li MHD sensors.
- Tsis xav tau spectrometer:Tsis zoo li wavelength -hloov sensors, lub kaw lus no tsis cia siab rau qhov ntsuas qhov muag pom, txo cov nqi khoom siv thiab lub cev hneev taw.
- Kev tsim kho yooj yim:Tapered fiber ntau sensors yog tsim los ntawm tus qauv cua sov- thiab- rub txheej txheem, ua rau lawv ncaj nraim rau kev tsim khoom piv rau photonic siv lead ua fiber ntau los yog cov qauv tshwj xeeb grating.
- Chaw taws teeb saib xyuas compatibility:Lub kaw lus txhawb nqa ntev - kis tau tus mob los ntawm tus qauvkho qhov muag kabinfrastructure, ua rau nws haum rau tej thaj chaw deb deployment.
Daim Ntawv Thov Scenario rau Chaw Taws Teeb Ntau -Point Magnetic Field Monitoring
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau- taw tes ntsuas, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam, thiab kev saib xyuas tej thaj chaw deb ua rau qhov system no cuam tshuam rau ntau yam kev siv:
Fais fab kis infrastructure:Saib xyuas cov khoom sib nqus sib nqus sib nqus raws cov kab siab -voltage kis tau tus mob pab txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag cuam tshuam txog kev xau tam sim no, cov khoom siv degradation, lossis kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Lub peev xwm ua haujlwm dhau losntev fiber ntau khiavmuaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntsiab lus no.
Industrial machinery xyuas:Cov motors loj, generators, thiab transformers tsim cov hlau nplaum uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo. Multi-Point fiber sensing tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam tas li yam tsis muaj kev qhia cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau hauv qhov chaw ntsuas.
Kev tshawb fawb instrumentation:Hauv qhov chaw kuaj mob qhov tseeb, kev cuam tshuam -dawb magnetic teb daim ntawv qhia yog yuav tsum tau - xws li particle physics thwmsim los yog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb - fiber-raws li sensing zam cov electromagnetic paug uas tsoos hluav taws xob sensors yuav qhia tau.
Subsea thiab underground saib xyuas:Rau ib puag ncig uas qhov kev nkag ncaj qha yog txwv, qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab ntev -qhov muaj peev xwm nyob deb ntawm fiber ntau optic sensors muab qhov txiaj ntsig zoo dua li kev hloov hluav taws xob. Qhov no aligns nrog fiber sensing daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauvunderground kabsaib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas subsea infrastructure.
Cov kev txwv tam sim no thiab cov kev taw qhia yav tom ntej
Thaum lub kaw lus pom tau tias muaj kev ua tau zoo, ntau qhov kev txwv yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg rau kev xav txog kev siv tswv yim:
Kev ntsuas ntau yog txwv los ntawm cov kua nplaum sib nqus cov yam ntxwv saturation. Channel 1 ua haujlwm hauv 3–14 mT thiab Channel 2 hauv 2–7 mT - haum rau nruab nrab- thaj chaw ib puag ncig tab sis tsis txaus rau siab - daim ntawv thov kev lag luam ntau tshaj kaum millitesla.
Qhov kub thiab txias rhiab heev ntawm cov dej sib nqus tsis tau ua tiav tag nrho hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj. Txij li thaum MHD refractive index yog qhov kub thiab txias - nyob ntawm, tiag - kev xa tawm hauv ntiaj teb yuav xav tau qhov kub thiab txias los yog ib puag ncig tiv thaiv thermal.
Lub kaw lus tam sim no qhia ob -channel ua haujlwm. Scaling mus rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus sensing yuav tsum tau ceev faj tswj ntawm lub teeb liab - mus rau - suab nrov piv raws li lub optical zog pob nyiaj siv tau muab faib nyob rau hauv ntau channels.
Kev ua kom zoo dua yav tom ntej tuaj yeem tsom mus rau kev nthuav dav qhov ntsuas los ntawm kev txhim kho cov kua nplaum sib nqus, ua kom cov channel suav los ntawm TDM lossis wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) hybrid schemes, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem kub them nyiaj rau kev xa tawm sab nraum zoov.
Cov lus nug nquag
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm TDM yog dab tsi nyob rau hauv magnetic teb sensing?
Lub sij hawm division multiplexing (TDM) tso cai rau ib qho kev nug ib leeg kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov cim los ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus los ntawm kev sib cais lawv cov teeb liab rov qab rau lub sijhawm. Hauv qhov system no, TDM ua rau kev ntsuas qhov sib nqus sib nqus ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov chaw yam tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov khoom sib cais rau txhua qhov chaw.
Vim li cas φ-OTDR siv hauv qhov system no?
Ib theem -sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR) generates precisely timed optical pulses and analyzes the return signals with high temporal resolution. Qhov no ua rau nws zoo - haum rau TDM-raws li kev xa tawm, qhov twg kev txheeb xyuas lub hauv paus ntawm txhua lub teeb liab rov qab yog nyob ntawm lub sijhawm raug - ntawm - kev ntsuas dav hlau. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog OTDR cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, saib covOTDR kev xeem txoj cai qhia.
Dab tsi yog qhov rhiab heev ntawm ob txoj kev nkag siab?
Channel 1 ua tiav qhov rhiab heev ntawm −1.09 dB / (km·mT) dhau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 3-14 mT. Channel 2 ua tiav −3.466 dB/(km·mT) tshaj 2–7 mT. Qhov siab dua ntawm Channel 2 yog los ntawm kev tau txais kev sib faib loj ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag (99% vs. 1%), uas ua rau cov teeb liab nce ntxiv - rau- suab nrov piv tab sis ua rau cov kev ntsuas tau siv tau.
Lub kaw lus no yuav txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb qhov hloov pauv li cas?
Hloov chaw ntsuas lub zog kho qhov muag tsis pom tseeb (uas hloov pauv thaum qhov hloov pauv), lub kaw lus ntsuas tus nqi ntawm qhov kho qhov muag attenuation raws qhov kev hnov lus. Qhov kev txo qis no tseem nyob ruaj khov txawm tias thaum lub zog sib txawv, vim tias txoj kab nqes qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib chav tsev ntev es tsis yog tag nrho lub zog. Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ruaj ntseg tau lees paub qhov sib txawv ntawm sub-1.1% nyob rau hauv attenuation nqes hav txawm tias 4.26% variation nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim.
Cov kab ke no puas tuaj yeem siv rau kev saib xyuas hauv qab dej sib nqus?
Hauv txoj cai, yog. Optical fiber sensors inherently tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam thiab tiv taus corrosion, ua rau lawv haum rau subsea ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem dej sib nqus thiab cov fiber ntau sib txuas yuav xav tau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tsim nyog rauunderwater deployment.
Dab tsi yog magnetic fluid (MHD) thiab vim li cas nws thiaj siv nrog optical fiber?
Cov kua nplaum nplaum (tseem hu ua ferrofluid lossis MHD) yog ib qho colloidal ncua kev kawm ntawm nanoscale magnetic particles hauv cov kua ua kua. Thaum siv cov hlau nplaum sab nraud, cov kua dej refractive index hloov. Los ntawm txheej los yog ib puag ncig ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag nrog MHD, fiber ntau lub teeb kis tau tus mob ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw sib nqus ib puag ncig, ua kom pom qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov ntsuas.